Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

207 questions · 224 findings · 22 reviews · Vascular

No studies found 42 · 18.8%GRADE not reported 21 · 9.4%Very low 33 · 14.7%Low 81 · 36.2%Moderate 35 · 15.6%High 12 · 5.4%

Heparin vs placebo

Symptomatic DVT · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

Heparin showed no clear difference in symptomatic DVT (proximal or distal) Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Heparin vs placebo

Symptomatic PE Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

Heparin showed no clear difference in symptomatic PE Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Heparin vs placebo

Major bleeding · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

Heparin showed no clear difference in bleeding ‐ major Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Heparin vs placebo

Clinically relevant non‐major bleeding Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Heparin vs placebo

Minor bleeding · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

Heparin leads to higher bleeding ‐ minor Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low molecular weight heparin vs unfractionated heparin

Success rate of replantation1 (analysed by participant) · patients undergoing digital replantation after traumatic amputation

It is very uncertain whether low molecular weight heparin changes success rate of replantation1 (analysed by participant, compared with unfractionated heparin (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low molecular weight heparin vs unfractionated heparin

Success rate of replantation1 (analysed by digit, · patients undergoing digital replantation after traumatic amputation

Low molecular weight heparin showed no clear difference in success rate of replantation1 (analysed by digit, compared with unfractionated heparin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low molecular weight heparin vs unfractionated heparin

Incidence of compromised microcirculation requiring invasive intervention (re‐exploration) (analysed by digit, · patients undergoing digital replantation after traumatic amputation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Low molecular weight heparin vs unfractionated heparin

Incidence of compromised microcirculation requiring invasive intervention (incision) (analysed by participant/digit, · patients undergoing digital replantation after traumatic amputation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Low molecular weight heparin vs unfractionated heparin

Microvascular insufficiency due to vessel occlusion ‐ arterial occlusion (analysed by digit, · patients undergoing digital replantation after traumatic amputation

It is very uncertain whether low molecular weight heparin changes microvascular insufficiency due to vessel occlusion ‐ arterial… compared with unfractionated heparin (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low molecular weight heparin vs unfractionated heparin

Microvascular insufficiency due to vessel occlusion ‐ venous occlusion (analysed by participant, · patients undergoing digital replantation after traumatic amputation

It is very uncertain whether low molecular weight heparin changes microvascular insufficiency due to vessel occlusion ‐ venous… compared with unfractionated heparin (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low molecular weight heparin vs unfractionated heparin

Complication and adverse reactions ‐ wound bleeding (analysed by participant, · patients undergoing digital replantation after traumatic amputation

Low molecular weight heparin showed no clear difference in complication and adverse reactions ‐ wound bleeding (analysed by… compared with unfractionated heparin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin vs unfractionated heparin

Symptomatic recurrent VTE at 3 months · people aged ≥ 18 years with a diagnosis of new or recurrent VTE

Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin showed no clear difference in symptomatic recurrent VTE at 3 months compared with intravenous unfractionated heparin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin vs low molecular weight heparin

VTE‐related mortality4 · people aged ≥ 18 years with a diagnosis of new or recurrent VTE

Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin showed no clear difference in VTE‐related mortality at 3 months compared with low molecular weight heparin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin vs low molecular weight heparin

Major bleedingd (3 months) · people aged ≥ 18 years with a diagnosis of new or recurrent VTE

Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin showed no clear difference in major bleedingd (3 months) compared with low molecular weight heparin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin vs low molecular weight heparin

All‐cause mortality (7 days ‐ 3 months) · people aged ≥ 18 years with a diagnosis of new or recurrent VTE

Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (7 days ‐ 3 months) compared with low molecular weight heparin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin vs unfractionated heparin

Symptomatic recurrent DVT at 3 months · people aged ≥ 18 years with a diagnosis of new or recurrent VTE

Subcutaneous unfractionated heparin showed no clear difference in symptomatic recurrent DVT at 3 months compared with intravenous unfractionated heparin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review