Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

47 questions · 51 findings · 4 reviews · Vascular

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No studies found 9 · 17.6%GRADE not reported 5 · 9.8%Very low 13 · 25.5%Low 16 · 31.4%Moderate 8 · 15.7%High 0 · 0%

Foam sclerotherapy vs liquid sclerotherapy

Cosmetic appearance · participants with varicose veinsa

1 finding from 1 review

Injection sclerotherapy for varicose veins 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 126 participants
Very low

Foam sclerotherapy vs liquid sclerotherapy

Complications ‐ DVT · participants with varicose veinsa

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Injection sclerotherapy for varicose veins 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Foam sclerotherapy vs liquid sclerotherapy

Residual varicose veins · participants with varicose veinsa

It is very uncertain whether foam sclerotherapy changes residual varicose veins compared with liquid sclerotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Injection sclerotherapy for varicose veins 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.51 [0.41, 0.65]
2 studies · 203 participants
Very low

Foam sclerotherapy vs liquid sclerotherapy

QoL · participants with varicose veinsa

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Injection sclerotherapy for varicose veins 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Foam sclerotherapy vs liquid sclerotherapy

Persistence of symptoms · participants with varicose veinsa

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Injection sclerotherapy for varicose veins 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Foam sclerotherapy vs liquid sclerotherapy

Recurrent varicose veins · participants with varicose veinsa

It is very uncertain whether foam sclerotherapy changes recurrent varicose veins compared with liquid sclerotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Injection sclerotherapy for varicose veins 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.1 [0.86, 1.42]
1 study · 286 participants
Very low

Foam sclerotherapy vs placebo

Complications ‐ DVT · participants with varicose veinsa

It is very uncertain whether foam sclerotherapy changes complications ‐ DVT compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Injection sclerotherapy for varicose veins 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 5.1 [1.3, 20.01]
3 studies · 302 participants
Very low

Foam sclerotherapy vs placebo

Residual varicose veins · participants with varicose veinsa

It is very uncertain whether foam sclerotherapy changes residual varicose veins compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Injection sclerotherapy for varicose veins 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.19 [0.13, 0.29]
2 studies · 225 participants
Very low

Foam sclerotherapy vs placebo

QoL · participants with varicose veinsa

1 finding from 1 review

Injection sclerotherapy for varicose veins 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 299 participants
Very low

Foam sclerotherapy vs placebo

Persistence of symptoms · participants with varicose veinsa

1 finding from 1 review

Injection sclerotherapy for varicose veins 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 223 participants
Low

Foam sclerotherapy vs placebo

Recurrent varicose veins · participants with varicose veinsa

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Injection sclerotherapy for varicose veins 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Ultrasound‐guided foam sclerotherapy vs SFJ ligation and stripping (HL/S)

Technical success · people with GSV incompetence

Ultrasound‐guided foam sclerotherapy (UGFS) may leads to lower technical success (< 5 years) compared with SFJ ligation and stripping (HL/S) (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Interventions for great saphenous vein incompetence 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.32 [0.11, 0.94]
4 studies · 954 participants
Low
Interventions for great saphenous vein incompetence 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.09 [0.03, 0.3]
3 studies · 525 participants
Moderate

Ultrasound‐guided foam sclerotherapy vs SFJ ligation and stripping (HL/S)

Recurrence · people with GSV incompetence

Ultrasound‐guided foam sclerotherapy (UGFS) showed no clear difference in recurrence (< 5 years) compared with SFJ ligation and stripping (HL/S) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for great saphenous vein incompetence 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.81 [0.87, 3.77]
3 studies · 822 participants
Low

Ultrasound‐guided foam sclerotherapy vs SFJ ligation and stripping (HL/S)

Long‐term recurrence (> 5 years) · people with GSV incompetence

Ultrasound‐guided foam sclerotherapy (UGFS) showed no clear difference in long‐term recurrence (≥ 5 years) compared with SFJ ligation and stripping (HL/S) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for great saphenous vein incompetence 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.24 [0.57, 2.71]
3 studies · 639 participants
Low

Ultrasound‐guided foam sclerotherapy vs SFJ ligation and stripping (HL/S)

Complications (up to 8 years) · people with GSV incompetence

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for great saphenous vein incompetence 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 639 participants
Very low

Ultrasound‐guided foam sclerotherapy vs SFJ ligation and stripping (HL/S)

QoL · people with GSV incompetence

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for great saphenous vein incompetence 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 930 participants
Moderate

Endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) vs foam sclerotherapy

Long‐term recurrence (> 5 years) · people with GSV incompetence

It is very uncertain whether endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) changes long‐term recurrence (> 5 years) compared with ultrasound‐guided foam sclerotherapy (UGFS) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for great saphenous vein incompetence 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.08 [0.4, 2.87]
2 studies · 418 participants
Very low

Endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) vs foam sclerotherapy

Complications (up to 8 years) · people with GSV incompetence

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for great saphenous vein incompetence 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) vs foam sclerotherapy

QoL · people with GSV incompetence

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for great saphenous vein incompetence 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate

Endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) vs foam sclerotherapy

Technical success · people with GSV incompetence

Endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) showed no clear difference in technical success (< 5 years) compared with ultrasound‐guided foam sclerotherapy (UGFS) (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Interventions for great saphenous vein incompetence 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 6.13 [0.98, 38.27]
3 studies · 588 participants
Low
Interventions for great saphenous vein incompetence 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 6.47 [2.6, 16.1]
3 studies · 534 participants
Low