Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

59 questions · 67 findings · 5 reviews · Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma

No studies found 20 · 29.9%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 41 · 61.2%Low 5 · 7.5%Moderate 1 · 1.5%High 0 · 0%

Exercise therapy vs a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls)

Usual pain (short‐term) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 3 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (2 studies);…

It is very uncertain whether exercise therapy changes usual pain (short‐term) Scale (0 to 10; higher scores mean worse pain) compared with a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Target of exercise: hip + knee vs knee exercises

Pain during activity (short‐term) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (1 study); symptoms > 3 months (2…

It is very uncertain whether target of exercise: hip + knee changes pain during activity (short‐term) Scale (0 to 10; higher scores mean… compared with knee exercises (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Target of exercise: hip + knee vs knee exercises

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (1 study); symptoms > 3 months (2…

It is very uncertain whether target of exercise: hip + knee changes usual pain (short‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean worse pain) compared with knee exercises (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Target of exercise: hip + knee vs knee exercises

Pain during activity (long‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean worse pain) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (1 study); symptoms > 3 months (2…

It is very uncertain whether target of exercise: hip + knee changes pain during activity (long‐term) NPRS (0 to 10; higher scores mean… compared with knee exercises (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Target of exercise: hip + knee vs knee exercises

Functional ability · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (1 study); symptoms > 3 months (2…

It is very uncertain whether target of exercise: hip + knee changes functional ability (short‐term) Scale (0 to 100; higher scores mean… compared with knee exercises (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Target of exercise: hip + knee vs knee exercises

Recovery long‐term Number of patients at least moderately better · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (1 study); symptoms > 3 months (2…

It is very uncertain whether target of exercise: hip + knee changes recovery long‐term Number of patients at least moderately better compared with knee exercises (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Target of exercise: hip vs knee exercises

Pain during activity (short‐term) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 1 month (1 study); symptoms > 6 months (1 study))

It is very uncertain whether target of exercise: hip changes pain during activity (short‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean… compared with knee exercises (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise therapy vs a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls)

Pain during activity (long‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean worse pain) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 3 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (2 studies);…

It is very uncertain whether exercise therapy changes pain during activity (long‐term) Scale (0 to 10; higher scores mean… compared with a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Target of exercise: hip vs knee exercises

Pain during activity (long‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean worse pain) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 1 month (1 study); symptoms > 6 months (1 study))

It is very uncertain whether target of exercise: hip changes pain during activity (long‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean… compared with knee exercises (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Target of exercise: hip vs knee exercises

Functional ability · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 1 month (1 study); symptoms > 6 months (1 study))

It is very uncertain whether target of exercise: hip changes functional ability (short‐term) Scale (0 to 100; higher scores mean… compared with knee exercises (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Target of exercise: hip vs knee exercises

Functional status, long‐term · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 1 month (1 study); symptoms > 6 months (1 study))

It is very uncertain whether target of exercise: hip changes functional ability (long‐term) WOMAC (0 to 96; inverted scores so… compared with knee exercises (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High‐intensity vs low‐intensity exercise programmes

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (untreated PFPS of over 2 months in duration)

It is very uncertain whether high‐intensity changes usual pain (short‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean worse pain) compared with low‐intensity exercise programmes (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Exercise therapy vs a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls)

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 3 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (2 studies);…

It is very uncertain whether exercise therapy changes usual pain (long‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean worse pain) compared with a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review