Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

147 questions · 168 findings · 12 reviews · Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma

No studies found 42 · 25%GRADE not reported 2 · 1.2%Very low 89 · 53%Low 22 · 13.1%Moderate 8 · 4.8%High 5 · 3%

Target of exercise: hip + knee vs knee exercises

Functional ability · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (1 study); symptoms > 3 months (2…

It is very uncertain whether target of exercise: hip + knee changes functional ability (short‐term) Scale (0 to 100; higher scores mean… compared with knee exercises (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Target of exercise: hip + knee vs knee exercises

Recovery long‐term Number of patients at least moderately better · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (1 study); symptoms > 3 months (2…

It is very uncertain whether target of exercise: hip + knee changes recovery long‐term Number of patients at least moderately better compared with knee exercises (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise therapy vs a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls)

Pain during activity (short‐term) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 3 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (2 studies);…

It is very uncertain whether exercise therapy changes pain during activity (short‐term) Scale (0 to 10; higher scores mean… compared with a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise therapy vs a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls)

Usual pain (short‐term) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 3 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (2 studies);…

It is very uncertain whether exercise therapy changes usual pain (short‐term) Scale (0 to 10; higher scores mean worse pain) compared with a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise therapy vs a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls)

Pain during activity (long‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean worse pain) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 3 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (2 studies);…

It is very uncertain whether exercise therapy changes pain during activity (long‐term) Scale (0 to 10; higher scores mean… compared with a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise therapy vs a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls)

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 3 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (2 studies);…

It is very uncertain whether exercise therapy changes usual pain (long‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean worse pain) compared with a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise therapy vs a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls)

Functional ability · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 3 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (2 studies);…

It is very uncertain whether exercise therapy changes functional ability (short‐term) Scale (0 to 100; higher scores mean… compared with a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls) (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Exercise therapy vs a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls)

Recovered · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 3 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (2 studies);…

It is very uncertain whether exercise therapy changes recovery (long‐term) Number of patients who had recovered or number… compared with a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Place and hold exercise regimen vs controlled passive exercise regimen following surgery

Functional assessment using a patient reported outcome measure: · participants undergoing rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the handa
2 findings from 1 review

Place and hold exercise regimen vs controlled passive exercise regimen following surgery

Range of movement · participants undergoing rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the handa

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

Place and hold exercise regimen vs controlled passive exercise regimen following surgery

Adverse events requiring (or indicated for) surgery · participants undergoing rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the handa

It is very uncertain whether place and hold exercise regimen changes adverse events requiring (or indicated for) surgery compared with controlled passive exercise regimen following surgery (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: Knee orthosis (any type) and exercise vs control (exercise only)

Pain at 3 to 6 months Scale from: 0 (no pain) to 10 (worse pain) · Adults (recruited from health clinics or military recruits) with PFPS (duration of symptoms ranged from acute, under 2 to 3 weeks in two…

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: Knee orthosis (any type) and exercise changes pain score (VAS) Scale from: 0 to 10 (higher scores mean worse pain) compared with control (exercise only) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: Knee orthosis (any type) and exercise vs control (exercise only)

Functional outcomes · Adults (recruited from health clinics or military recruits) with PFPS (duration of symptoms ranged from acute, under 2 to 3 weeks in two…

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: Knee orthosis (any type) and exercise changes functional outcomes Scale various 2 compared with control (exercise only) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review