Intervention not reported
Retention at treatment completion (CM vs. control)
The intervention showed no clear difference in retention at treatment completion (CM vs. control) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Retention at treatment completion (MIB interventions vs. control)
The intervention showed no clear difference in retention at treatment completion (MIB interventions vs. control) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Frequency of drug use 12 months · Parents who use substances
2 findings from 1 review
Frequency of drug use 12 months · Parents who use substances
2 findings from 1 review
Criminal activity ‐ Re‐arrests · drug‐using offenders with co‐occurring mental health problems
Therapeutic community probably leads to lower re‐arrests compared with treatment (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Marijuana use · drug‐using offenders with co‐occurring mental health problems
1 finding from 1 review
Arrest frequency post release · drug‐using offenders with co‐occurring mental health problems
1 finding from 1 review
Time to first arrest or offence · drug‐using offenders with co‐occurring mental health problems
1 finding from 1 review
Arrested · drug‐using offenders with co‐occurring mental health problems
Multi‐systemic therapy involving family and juveniles showed no clear difference in arrested assessed by corroborating with police data compared with treatment (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Re‐incarceration · drug‐using offenders with co‐occurring mental health problems
Therapeutic community probably leads to lower re‐incarceration compared with treatment (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Decreased alcohol use · concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users
Brief intervention (BI) showed no clear difference in decreased alcohol use compared with treatment (low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Retention [ · concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users
Brief intervention (BI) showed no clear difference in retention compared with treatment (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) or Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) scores · concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users
1 finding from 1 review
Number of standard drinks consumed per day over the last 30 days · concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users
1 finding from 1 review
Over 50% less standard drinks per day Timeline follow back · concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users
Motivational interviewing (MI) showed no clear difference in greater than 50% reduction in number of standard drinks consumed per… compared with treatment (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Abstinence from alcohol over the last 30 days · concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users
Motivational interviewing (MI) showed no clear difference in abstinence from alcohol over the last 30 days compared with treatment (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) or Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) scores · concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users
1 finding from 1 review
Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) scores · concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users
1 finding from 1 review
Number of drinks per week · concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users
2 findings from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Retention to treatment Number of participants who competed treatment · Amphetamine abuse or dependence
The intervention showed no clear difference in retention to treatment Number of participants who competed treatment (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review