Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

99 questions · 116 findings · 18 reviews · Gut

No studies found 7 · 6%GRADE not reported 3 · 2.6%Very low 62 · 53.4%Low 25 · 21.6%Moderate 17 · 14.7%High 2 · 1.7%

Any‐treatment‐dose vitamin D (greater than 400 IU/day) vs supplemental‐dose vitamin D (less than 400 IU/day)

Withdrawals due to adverse events · people with inflammatory bowel disease

It is very uncertain whether any‐treatment‐dose vitamin D (greater than 400 IU/day) changes withdrawals due to adverse events compared with supplemental‐dose vitamin D (less than 400 IU/day) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High‐treatment‐dose vitamin D (greater than 1000 IU/day) vs low‐treatment‐dose vitamin D (400 IU/day to 1000 IU/day)

Clinical relapse · people with inflammatory bowel disease

High‐treatment‐dose vitamin D (greater than 1000 IU/day) showed no clear difference in clinical relapse at end of study (52 weeks) compared with low‐treatment‐dose vitamin D (400 IU/day to 1000 IU/day) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High‐treatment‐dose vitamin D (greater than 1000 IU/day) vs low‐treatment‐dose vitamin D (400 IU/day to 1000 IU/day)

Withdrawals due to adverse events · people with inflammatory bowel disease

It is very uncertain whether high‐treatment‐dose vitamin D (greater than 1000 IU/day) changes withdrawals due to adverse events compared with low‐treatment‐dose vitamin D (400 IU/day to 1000 IU/day) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Incidence of AAD: Probiotic dose (≥5 billion CFUs of probiotics/day) · Children receiving antibiotic treatment between 4 and 28 days duration for a variety of infections

The intervention probably leads to lower incidence of AAD: Probiotic dose (≥5 billion CFUs of probiotics/day) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Other prokinetics vs domperidone

Not symptom‐free or no symptom improvement · patients with functional dyspepsia

It is very uncertain whether other prokinetics changes not symptom‐free or no symptoms improvement (itopride 50 three times… compared with domperidone 10mg three times a day (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Controlled‐release mesalamine (1 ‐ 2 g/day) vs placebo

Decrease in CDAI >=50, HBI >=2 or improvement/remission (as defined by Tvede et al) · patients with Induction of remission or response in Crohn's disease

Controlled‐release mesalamine (1 ‐ 2 g/day) showed no clear difference in decrease in CDAI >=50, HBI >=2 or improvement/remission (as defined… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Controlled‐release mesalamine (1 ‐ 2 g/day) vs placebo

Induction of remission (CDAI <=150 + decrease of >=50 or as defined by Tvede et al) · patients with Induction of remission or response in Crohn's disease

Controlled‐release mesalamine (1 ‐ 2 g/day) showed no clear difference in induction of remission (CDAI <=150 + decrease of >=50 or as defined… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review