Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
1 finding from 1 review
Disability caused by pain at follow-up · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) showed no clear difference in pain disability at treatment completion compared with usual care, waiting list or no treatment (control) (low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
1 finding from 1 review
Mental distress · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) showed no clear difference in psychological distress at follow-up compared with usual care, waiting list or no treatment (control) (low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Additional physical symptoms · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Reduction of apnoea to less than one episode per hour (polysomnography) · Children with obstructive sleep apnoea (aged 15 years or younger)
1 finding from 1 review
Daytime symptom: thirstiness in the morning (questionnaire) · Children with obstructive sleep apnoea (aged 15 years or younger)
Oral appliance or functional orthopaedic appliance showed no clear difference in daytime symptom: thirstiness in the morning (questionnaire) compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Signs and symptoms of atypical swallowing and speech production disturbances · Children with obstructive sleep apnoea (aged 15 years or younger)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Reduction of apnoea episodes (apnoea-hypopnoea index) · Children with obstructive sleep apnoea (aged 15 years or younger)
It is very uncertain whether oral appliance or functional orthopaedic appliance changes reduction of apnoea episodes (apnoea-hypopnoea index) compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Nocturnal symptom: nightmares (questionnaire) · Children with obstructive sleep apnoea (aged 15 years or younger)
Oral appliance or functional orthopaedic appliance showed no clear difference in nocturnal symptom: nightmares (questionnaire) compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Alteration of growth pattern (cephalometric data or facial analysis) · Children with obstructive sleep apnoea (aged 15 years or younger)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Tiredness · Children with obstructive sleep apnoea (aged 15 years or younger)
It is very uncertain whether oral appliance or functional orthopaedic appliance changes daytime symptom: tiredness (Brouillette questionnaire) compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Nocturnal symptom: habitual snoring (questionnaire) · Children with obstructive sleep apnoea (aged 15 years or younger)
It is very uncertain whether oral appliance or functional orthopaedic appliance changes nocturnal symptom: habitual snoring (questionnaire) compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Side effects / tolerability · Children with obstructive sleep apnoea (aged 15 years or younger)
1 finding from 1 review
Tolerability: 73.7% fitted with oral appliance (14/19 children) tolerated the treatment well and 26.3% (five children) discontinued therapy. Side effects: the included study did not assess this outcome.
1 study · 19 participants
GRADE not reported
Daytime symptom: sleepiness (Brouillette questionnaire) · Children with obstructive sleep apnoea (aged 15 years or younger)
It is very uncertain whether oral appliance or functional orthopaedic appliance changes daytime symptom: sleepiness (Brouillette questionnaire) compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Change of the arch perimeter (plaster models) · Children with obstructive sleep apnoea (aged 15 years or younger)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Irritability · Children with obstructive sleep apnoea (aged 15 years or younger)
It is very uncertain whether oral appliance or functional orthopaedic appliance changes daytime symptom: irritability (Brouillette questionnaire) compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Signs and symptoms of respiratory disease · Children with obstructive sleep apnoea (aged 15 years or younger)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Reduction of upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) and body-weight/BMI development (polysomnography) · Children with obstructive sleep apnoea (aged 15 years or younger)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Daytime symptom: morning headache (Brouillette questionnaire) · Children with obstructive sleep apnoea (aged 15 years or younger)
It is very uncertain whether oral appliance or functional orthopaedic appliance changes daytime symptom: morning headache (Brouillette questionnaire) compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review