Tooth extraction due to endodontic problems · People aged 10 years or above requiring root canal treatment; permanent teeth with completely formed apex and without internal resorption
It is very uncertain whether single-visit root canal treatment changes tooth extraction due to endodontic problems compared with multiple-visit root canal treatment (two or more visits) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Swelling or flare-up · People aged 10 years or above requiring root canal treatment; permanent teeth with completely formed apex and without internal resorption
It is very uncertain whether single-visit root canal treatment changes swelling or flare-up compared with multiple-visit root canal treatment (two or more visits) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Treatment failure (annual failure rate) · Children with previously unrestored, vital carious lesions in primary teeth (no pulp therapy); aged 1.5-11 years
High-viscosity GIC had a wide annual failure rate (2.9-25.6%) and was outperformed by compomer/composite in some trials (3 RCTs); low quality of evidence (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Analgesic (painkiller) use · People aged 10 years or above requiring root canal treatment; permanent teeth with completely formed apex and without internal resorption
It is very uncertain whether single-visit root canal treatment changes analgesic (painkiller) use compared with multiple-visit root canal treatment (two or more visits) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pain at two weeks (postobturation) · People aged 10 years or above requiring root canal treatment; permanent teeth with completely formed apex and without internal resorption
Single-visit root canal treatment showed no clear difference in pain at two weeks (postobturation) compared with multiple-visit root canal treatment (two or more visits); GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Treatment failure (annual failure rate) · Children (aged 5-8 years) with Class-II caries in primary molars, no pulp therapy
Etching dentine for 7 s rather than 15 s lowered bulk-fill composite failure (5.8% vs 16.9% annual failure) in one RCT; low quality of evidence (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Treatment failure (annual failure rate) · Children (aged 3-5.5 years) with early childhood caries in anterior primary teeth (>=2 carious surfaces), no pulp therapy
Zirconia crowns failed less than composite strip crowns (3.3% vs 15% annual failure) in one RCT; low quality of evidence (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Treatment failure (annual failure rate) · Children with previously unrestored, vital carious lesions in primary teeth (no pulp therapy); aged 1.5-11 years
Metal-reinforced GIC had a high annual failure rate (29.9%) in a single RCT; low quality of evidence (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Treatment failure (annual failure rate) · Children with previously unrestored, vital carious lesions in primary teeth (no pulp therapy); aged 1.5-11 years
Conventional GIC had an annual failure rate of 7.6-16.6% (2 RCTs) and failed more than amalgam in one trial; low quality of evidence (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Pain at 12 months or more (long-term postobturation pain) · People aged 10 years or above requiring root canal treatment; permanent teeth with completely formed apex and without internal resorption
1 finding from 1 review
Treatment failure (annual failure rate) · Children (aged 3-8 years) with 2-surface occluso-proximal dentine caries in primary molars, no pulp therapy
Preformed metal (Hall) crowns had a low reported annual failure rate (3.1%) versus compomer (14.7%) in one RCT; low quality of evidence (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Treatment failure (annual failure rate) · Children with previously unrestored, vital carious lesions in primary teeth (no pulp therapy); aged 1.5-11 years
Composite resin (hybrid 0-19.5%; bulk-fill 0-16.9%) performed comparably to or better than most alternatives across 11 RCTs; evidence is of low to unclear quality (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Sinus or fistula formation at last · People aged 10 years or above requiring root canal treatment; permanent teeth with completely formed apex and without internal resorption
It is very uncertain whether single-visit root canal treatment changes sinus tract or fistula formation compared with multiple-visit root canal treatment (two or more visits) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Postoperative pain intensity in the immediate postobturation period (up to 72 hours), continuous (VAS) · People aged 10 years or above requiring root canal treatment; permanent teeth with completely formed apex and without internal resorption
Single-visit root canal treatment showed no clear difference in postoperative pain intensity in the immediate postobturation period… compared with multiple-visit root canal treatment (two or more visits) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pain at 1 month · People aged 10 years or above requiring root canal treatment; permanent teeth with completely formed apex and without internal resorption
1 finding from 1 review
One study (Dhyani 2022) reported pain at 1 month: 60 teeth (all vital at enrolment, mechanical NiTi), 0 events (no participant reported pain at 1 month); no meta-analysis
1 study · 60 participants
GRADE not reported
Treatment failure (annual failure rate) · Children with previously unrestored, vital carious lesions in primary teeth (no pulp therapy); aged 1.5-11 years
Glass carbomer had very high failure rates (up to 46.2%) in a single RCT, far worse than composite resin or RMGIC; low quality of evidence (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Postobturation pain at 1 week · People aged 10 years or above requiring root canal treatment; permanent teeth with completely formed apex and without internal resorption
It is very uncertain whether single-visit root canal treatment changes postobturation pain at 1 week compared with multiple-visit root canal treatment (two or more visits) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Radiological failure (periapical radiolucency) after at least 1 year · People aged 10 years or above requiring root canal treatment; permanent teeth with completely formed apex and without internal resorption
Single-visit root canal treatment showed no clear difference in radiological failure (periapical radiolucency) after at least 1 year compared with multiple-visit root canal treatment (two or more visits) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Overall success (composite of clinical and radiographic success) · Immature (young) permanent teeth with open apex and vital pulp exposed to dental caries or trauma, in children aged 6-14 years
A single RCT found no difference in pulpotomy success between MTA and platelet-rich fibrin (both 100% through 24 months; not pooled; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Single RCT (Keswani 2014, 62 teeth): 100% clinical and radiographic success in both MTA and PRF at 6, 12 and 24 months (MTA 29/29, 27/27, 26/26; PRF 30/30, 29/29, 27/27); no difference between groups; not pooled
1 study · 62 participants
GRADE not reported
Overall success (composite of clinical and radiographic success) · Immature (young) permanent teeth with open apex and vital pulp exposed to dental caries or trauma, in children aged 6-14 years
MTA and calcium hydroxide had similar clinical and radiographic pulpotomy success at 6 months (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.06; 2 RCTs; ungraded).
2 findings from 1 review