What do systematic reviews say?

Health education vs usual care

Health education may leads to higher proportion of children under 5 years of age fully immunised with all… compared with routine care (low certainty).

• Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.24 [1.06, 1.44]
  3 studies · 2387 participants
  Low

Integration of immunisation with other health services vs usual care

Integration of immunisation with other health services may leads to higher proportion of children who received all recommended vaccines by 2… compared with routine care (low certainty).

• Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.29 [1.16, 1.44]
  1 study · 1700 participants
  Low

Integration of immunisation with other health services vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Maternal death review and audit as part of an intervention package including the ALARM course and training audit committees vs no intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Death audits and reviews for reducing maternal, perinatal and child mortality 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Perinatal death review and audit as part of an intervention package including an educational outreach visit and morbidity/mortality conferences vs no intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Death audits and reviews for reducing maternal, perinatal and child mortality 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Home‐based record combined with other interventions vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Home‐based record combined with other interventions vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Engagement of community leaders vs usual care

Engagement of community leaders probably leads to higher proportion of children who received the vaccine under study (measles) compared with routine care (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.96 [1.61, 2.39]
  1 study · 1227 participants
  Moderate

Engagement of community leaders vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Engagement of community leaders vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Engagement of community leaders vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Case management for integrated care vs usual care of older people living with frailty

Case management for integrated care showed no clear difference in mortality compared with usual care of older people living with frailty (low certainty).

• Case management for integrated care of older people with frailty in community settings 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.98 [0.84, 1.15]
  14 studies · 9924 participants
  Low

Case management for integrated care vs usual care of older people living with frailty

Case management for integrated care showed no clear difference in change in place of residence to a nursing or residential home compared with usual care of older people living with frailty (low certainty).

• Case management for integrated care of older people with frailty in community settings 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.73 [0.53, 1.01]
  4 studies · 1108 participants
  Low

Case management for integrated care vs usual care of older people living with frailty

• Case management for integrated care of older people with frailty in community settings 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  11 studies · 9284 participants
  Low

Case management for integrated care vs usual care of older people living with frailty

• Case management for integrated care of older people with frailty in community settings 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 592 participants
  Low

Case management for integrated care vs usual care of older people living with frailty

• Case management for integrated care of older people with frailty in community settings 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  16 studies · 10652 participants
  Low

Case management for integrated care vs usual care of older people living with frailty

Case management for integrated care showed no clear difference in change in healthcare utilisation (hospital admissions) compared with usual care of older people living with frailty (moderate certainty).

• Case management for integrated care of older people with frailty in community settings 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.91 [0.79, 1.05]
  5 studies · 2424 participants
  Moderate

Case management for integrated care vs usual care of older people living with frailty

• Case management for integrated care of older people with frailty in community settings 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  14 studies · 8486 participants
  Moderate

Integrated management of childhood illness strategy vs usual care

Integrated management of childhood illness strategy showed no clear difference in mortality compared with routine care (low certainty).

• Integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) strategy for children under five 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  Risk ratio 0.87 [0.68, 1.1]
  1 study · 5090 participants
  Low

Integrated management of childhood illness strategy vs usual care

Integrated management of childhood illness strategy showed no clear difference in nutritional status compared with routine care (low certainty).

• Integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) strategy for children under five 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  Risk ratio 0.94 [0.84, 1.06]
  2 studies · 5242 participants
  Low