White spot lesion incidence · Orthodontic patients undergoing comprehensive treatment (late mixed or permanent dentition, no active caries)
Most studies reported a lower incidence of white spot lesions with clear aligners than fixed appliances, but heterogeneous assessment methods precluded meta-analysis (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Severity of white spot lesions (surface area and depth) · Orthodontic patients undergoing comprehensive treatment (late mixed or permanent dentition, no active caries)
White spot lesion severity was assessed narratively in a small number of studies and not meta-analyzed; evidence is limited (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Salivary caries-associated bacteria (S. mutans and Lactobacilli, subjects with >10^5 CFU/mL) · Orthodontic patients undergoing comprehensive treatment (late mixed or permanent dentition, no active caries)
Both included studies reported higher salivary caries-associated bacteria (S. mutans and Lactobacilli) with fixed appliances than clear aligners; not meta-analyzed (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Gingival index (GI) · People with diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2, mostly type 2) and periodontitis, at least 16 years of age
Periodontal treatment (subgingival instrumentation, with or without… led to lower gingival index (GI) compared with no active intervention/usual care; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
SMD -1.75 [-2.27, -1.24]
12 studies
GRADE not reported
HbA1c (glycated haemoglobin), change · People with diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2, mostly type 2) and periodontitis, at least 16 years of age
Periodontal treatment (subgingival instrumentation, with or without… probably leads to lower hbA1c (glycated haemoglobin), change compared with no active intervention/usual care (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Quality of life indicators · People with diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2, mostly type 2) and periodontitis, at least 16 years of age
1 finding from 1 review
Plaque index (PI) / oral hygiene · People with diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2, mostly type 2) and periodontitis, at least 16 years of age
Periodontal treatment (subgingival instrumentation, with or without… led to lower plaque index (PI) / oral hygiene compared with no active intervention/usual care; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
SMD -2.05 [-2.57, -1.53]
18 studies
GRADE not reported
Probing pocket depth (PPD/PD) · People with diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2, mostly type 2) and periodontitis, at least 16 years of age
Periodontal treatment (subgingival instrumentation, with or without… led to lower probing pocket depth (PPD/PD) compared with no active intervention/usual care; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
MD -0.56 [-0.72, -0.40]
21 studies
GRADE not reported
Percentage of bleeding on probing (BOP) · People with diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2, mostly type 2) and periodontitis, at least 16 years of age
Periodontal treatment (subgingival instrumentation, with or without… led to lower bleeding on probing (BOP) compared with no active intervention/usual care; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Diabetic complications · People with diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2, mostly type 2) and periodontitis, at least 16 years of age
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects of treatment · People with diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2, mostly type 2) and periodontitis, at least 16 years of age
1 finding from 1 review
Resource implications (e.g. cost of incontinence management methods) · People with diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2, mostly type 2) and periodontitis, at least 16 years of age
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Included studies did not report cost data. A brief economic commentary drew on four external economic evaluations (Smits 2020, Nasseh 2017, Choi 2020, Soloweij-Wedderburn 2017) suggesting potential cost…
0 studies
No studies found
Clinical attachment level (CAL) · People with diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2, mostly type 2) and periodontitis, at least 16 years of age
Periodontal treatment (subgingival instrumentation, with or without… led to lower clinical attachment level (CAL) compared with no active intervention/usual care; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
MD -0.48 [-0.65, -0.31]
18 studies
GRADE not reported
Aesthetics · Patients affected by chronic, aggressive, or early onset periodontitis, with intrabony defects having an intrabony component of at least 3…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Change in probing attachment level (PAL) · Patients affected by chronic, aggressive, or early onset periodontitis, with intrabony defects having an intrabony component of at least 3…
1 finding from 1 review
Postoperative complications (infection) / adverse events · Patients affected by chronic, aggressive, or early onset periodontitis, with intrabony defects having an intrabony component of at least 3…
1 finding from 1 review
Change in gingival recession (REC) · Patients affected by chronic, aggressive, or early onset periodontitis, with intrabony defects having an intrabony component of at least 3…
Enamel matrix derivative (EMD; Emdogain) led to lower change in gingival recession (REC) compared with various bone grafting (BG) procedures (animal-derived or synthetic…; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
MD -1.60 [-2.74, -0.46]
1 study
GRADE not reported
Marginal bone level change · Patients affected by chronic, aggressive, or early onset periodontitis, with intrabony defects having an intrabony component of at least 3…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Change in probing pocket depth (PPD) · Patients affected by chronic, aggressive, or early onset periodontitis, with intrabony defects having an intrabony component of at least 3…
1 finding from 1 review
Tooth loss · Patients affected by chronic, aggressive, or early onset periodontitis, with intrabony defects having an intrabony component of at least 3…
1 finding from 1 review