Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

47 questions · 54 findings · 6 reviews · Oral medicine and oral cancer

Sort:Best matchNewest Highest certainty Download CSV

No studies found 5 · 9.3%GRADE not reported 39 · 72.2%Very low 8 · 14.8%Low 2 · 3.7%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

GM-CSF vs placebo or no treatment

Normalcy of diet (total parenteral nutrition) · Adults with cancer receiving treatment

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) showed no clear difference in normalcy of diet (total parenteral nutrition) compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and growth factors 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
BMT/SCT after conditioning for haematological cancers
RR 1.10 [0.63, 1.91]
1 study · 36 participants
GRADE not reported

GM-CSF vs placebo or no treatment

Number of days of treatment with opioid analgesics · Adults with cancer receiving treatment

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) led to lower number of days of treatment with opioid analgesics compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and growth factors 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
BMT/SCT after conditioning for haematological cancers
MD -1.10 [-1.91, -0.29]
1 study · 90 participants
GRADE not reported

GM-CSF vs placebo or no treatment

Normalcy of diet (tube feeding) · Adults with cancer receiving treatment

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) showed no clear difference in normalcy of diet (tube feeding) compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and growth factors 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
RT to head and neck
RR 0.31 [0.01, 7.09]
1 study · 29 participants
GRADE not reported

GM-CSF vs placebo or no treatment

Improvement in mucositis · People with cancer receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy (or both) who have oral mucositis

Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) led to higher improvement in mucositis compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

2 findings from 1 review

Interventions for treating oral mucositis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes
End of radiotherapy
RR 4.23 [1.35, 13.24]
1 study · 61 participants
GRADE not reported
Interventions for treating oral mucositis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes
14 days
RR 2.09 [0.77, 5.68]
1 study · 51 participants
GRADE not reported

GM-CSF vs placebo or no treatment

Time to heal mucositis (days) · People with cancer receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy (or both) who have oral mucositis

Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) showed no clear difference in time to heal mucositis (days) compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating oral mucositis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes
MD -1.10 [-3.59, 1.39]
1 study · 35 participants
GRADE not reported

GM-CSF vs Antimycotic mouthrinse

Time to heal mucositis (days) · People with cancer receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy (or both) who have oral mucositis

Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) led to lower time to heal mucositis (days) compared with antimycotic mouthrinse; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating oral mucositis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes
MD -2.40 [-4.15, -0.65]
1 study · 40 participants
GRADE not reported

GM-CSF vs povidone‐iodine

Time to heal mucositis (days) · People with cancer receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy (or both) who have oral mucositis

Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) led to lower time to heal mucositis (days) compared with povidone iodine; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating oral mucositis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes
MD -3.50 [-4.14, -2.86]
1 study · 31 participants
GRADE not reported

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), mouthwash vs Sucralfate mouthwash

Interruptions to cancer treatment · Adults receiving radiotherapy to the head and neck

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), mouthwash showed no clear difference in interruptions to cancer treatment compared with sucralfate mouthwash; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and growth factors 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
RT to head and neck
RR 0.13 [0.01, 2.36]
1 study · 40 participants
GRADE not reported

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), mouthwash vs Sucralfate mouthwash

Normalcy of diet (percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy) · Adults receiving radiotherapy to the head and neck

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), mouthwash showed no clear difference in normalcy of diet (percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy) compared with sucralfate mouthwash; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and growth factors 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
RT to head and neck
RR 0.18 [0.01, 3.56]
1 study · 40 participants
GRADE not reported

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), mouthwash vs Sucralfate mouthwash

Oral mucositis (severe) · Adults receiving radiotherapy to the head and neck

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), mouthwash showed no clear difference in oral mucositis (severe) compared with sucralfate mouthwash; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and growth factors 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
RT to head and neck
RR 0.54 [0.24, 1.21]
1 study · 40 participants
GRADE not reported

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), mouthwash vs Sucralfate mouthwash

Oral mucositis (moderate to severe) · Adults receiving radiotherapy to the head and neck

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), mouthwash showed no clear difference in oral mucositis (moderate to severe) compared with sucralfate mouthwash; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing oral mucositis in patients with cancer receiving treatment: cytokines and growth factors 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
RT to head and neck
RR 0.96 [0.80, 1.14]
1 study · 40 participants
GRADE not reported

Any topical or systemic intervention (topical/systemic steroids, ciclosporin, tacrolimus, retinoids, anti-malarials, biologics, phototherapy, surgery) vs Placebo, no treatment, another active intervention, or a different dose of the same intervention

Eating a normally varied diet · People of any age with erosive lichen planus affecting the oral, anogenital, and/or oesophageal regions

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
No studies reported this outcome.
0 studies
No studies found

Any topical or systemic intervention (topical/systemic steroids, ciclosporin, tacrolimus, retinoids, anti-malarials, biologics, phototherapy, surgery) vs Placebo, no treatment, another active intervention, or a different dose of the same intervention

Restoration of sexual activity · People of any age with erosive lichen planus affecting the oral, anogenital, and/or oesophageal regions

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
None of the included studies assessed the effectiveness of treatments of genital ELP; thus, this outcome was not reported.
0 studies
No studies found

Any topical or systemic intervention (topical/systemic steroids, ciclosporin, tacrolimus, retinoids, anti-malarials, biologics, phototherapy, surgery) vs Placebo, no treatment, another active intervention, or a different dose of the same intervention

Reduction in number of flares · People of any age with erosive lichen planus affecting the oral, anogenital, and/or oesophageal regions

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
No studies reported this outcome.
0 studies
No studies found

Any topical or systemic intervention (topical/systemic steroids, ciclosporin, tacrolimus, retinoids, anti-malarials, biologics, phototherapy, surgery) vs Placebo, no treatment, another active intervention, or a different dose of the same intervention

Reduction in severity of flares · People of any age with erosive lichen planus affecting the oral, anogenital, and/or oesophageal regions

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for erosive lichen planus affecting mucosal sites 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
No studies reported this outcome.
0 studies
No studies found

Common genetic variants genome-wide (GWAS; ~3.9 million SNPs with MAF > 5%) vs ECC-unaffected children (per-allele case-control association)

Early childhood caries (ECC) - association at lead SNP rs76823412 (8:134690570; nearest gene(s) ST3GAL1) · Children up to age 5-6 years (European / European non-Hispanic ancestry); 843 ECC-affected vs 2124 unaffected across 5 cohorts (N=2974)

The common variant rs8091366 near CHST9, KCTD1 showed suggestive (not genome-wide significant) association with ECC (Z = 4.476, p = 7.60e-6); genetic association, ungraded.

2 findings from 1 review

Association of Early Childhood Caries with Bitter Taste Receptors: A Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies… 2022 All outcomes
Cross-sectional (ECC ascertained at the last dental exam before age 6) · Population/community child cohorts: rural Appalachia (West Virginia, Pennsylvania) and Iowa (USA) and South West England; European / European non-Hispanic ancestry only · rs8091366 (18:24715618); effect/non-effect allele A/G; MAF 0.52; direction across 5 cohorts +++++
Z-score (Stouffer's combined Z, 5 cohorts) 4.476
5 studies · 2974 participants
GRADE not reported
Association of Early Childhood Caries with Bitter Taste Receptors: A Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies… 2022 All outcomes
Cross-sectional (ECC ascertained at the last dental exam before age 6) · Population/community child cohorts: rural Appalachia (West Virginia, Pennsylvania) and Iowa (USA) and South West England; European / European non-Hispanic ancestry only · rs76823412 (8:134690570); effect/non-effect allele T/C; MAF 0.47; direction across 5 cohorts +++++
Z-score (Stouffer's combined Z, 5 cohorts) 4.806
5 studies · 2974 participants
GRADE not reported

Common genetic variants genome-wide (GWAS; ~3.9 million SNPs with MAF > 5%) vs ECC-unaffected children (per-allele case-control association)

Early childhood caries (ECC) - association at lead SNP rs563135 (10:115067899; nearest gene(s) TCF7L2, CASP7) · Children up to age 5-6 years (European / European non-Hispanic ancestry); 843 ECC-affected vs 2124 unaffected across 5 cohorts (N=2974)

The common variant rs563135 near TCF7L2, CASP7 showed suggestive (not genome-wide significant) association with ECC (Z = -4.532, p = 5.86e-6); genetic association, ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Association of Early Childhood Caries with Bitter Taste Receptors: A Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies… 2022 All outcomes
Cross-sectional (ECC ascertained at the last dental exam before age 6) · Population/community child cohorts: rural Appalachia (West Virginia, Pennsylvania) and Iowa (USA) and South West England; European / European non-Hispanic ancestry only · rs563135 (10:115067899); effect/non-effect allele A/C; MAF 0.51; direction across 5 cohorts -----
Z-score (Stouffer's combined Z, 5 cohorts) -4.532
5 studies · 2974 participants
GRADE not reported

Common genetic variants genome-wide (GWAS; ~3.9 million SNPs with MAF > 5%) vs ECC-unaffected children (per-allele case-control association)

Early childhood caries (ECC) - association at lead SNP rs1044956 (7:24854765; nearest gene(s) OSBPL3, NPVF) · Children up to age 5-6 years (European / European non-Hispanic ancestry); 843 ECC-affected vs 2124 unaffected across 5 cohorts (N=2974)

The common variant rs1044956 near OSBPL3, NPVF showed suggestive (not genome-wide significant) association with ECC (Z = 4.551, p = 5.35e-6); genetic association, ungraded.

2 findings from 1 review

Association of Early Childhood Caries with Bitter Taste Receptors: A Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies… 2022 All outcomes
Cross-sectional (ECC ascertained at the last dental exam before age 6) · Population/community child cohorts: rural Appalachia (West Virginia, Pennsylvania) and Iowa (USA) and South West England; European / European non-Hispanic ancestry only · rs1044956 (7:24854765); effect/non-effect allele A/G; MAF 0.49; direction across 5 cohorts +++++
Z-score (Stouffer's combined Z, 5 cohorts) 4.551
5 studies · 2974 participants
GRADE not reported
Association of Early Childhood Caries with Bitter Taste Receptors: A Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies… 2022 All outcomes
Cross-sectional (ECC ascertained at the last dental exam before age 6) · Population/community child cohorts: rural Appalachia (West Virginia, Pennsylvania) and Iowa (USA) and South West England; European / European non-Hispanic ancestry only · rs9889096 (16:13575143); effect/non-effect allele T/G; MAF 0.50; direction across 5 cohorts --+--
Z-score (Stouffer's combined Z, 5 cohorts) -4.541
5 studies · 2974 participants
GRADE not reported

Common genetic variants genome-wide (GWAS; ~3.9 million SNPs with MAF > 5%) vs ECC-unaffected children (per-allele case-control association)

Early childhood caries (ECC) - association at lead SNP rs7325099 (13:28104496; nearest gene(s) LNX2, POLR1D, RPL21) · Children up to age 5-6 years (European / European non-Hispanic ancestry); 843 ECC-affected vs 2124 unaffected across 5 cohorts (N=2974)

The common variant rs7325099 near LNX2, POLR1D, RPL21 showed suggestive (not genome-wide significant) association with ECC (Z = 4.485, p = 7.28e-6); genetic association, ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Association of Early Childhood Caries with Bitter Taste Receptors: A Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies… 2022 All outcomes
Cross-sectional (ECC ascertained at the last dental exam before age 6) · Population/community child cohorts: rural Appalachia (West Virginia, Pennsylvania) and Iowa (USA) and South West England; European / European non-Hispanic ancestry only · rs7325099 (13:28104496); effect/non-effect allele A/C; MAF 0.50; direction across 5 cohorts ++?++
Z-score (Stouffer's combined Z, 5 cohorts) 4.485
5 studies · 2974 participants
GRADE not reported

Common genetic variants genome-wide (GWAS; ~3.9 million SNPs with MAF > 5%) vs ECC-unaffected children (per-allele case-control association)

Early childhood caries (ECC) - association at lead SNP rs74470773 (3:33958083; nearest gene(s) PDCD6IP) · Children up to age 5-6 years (European / European non-Hispanic ancestry); 843 ECC-affected vs 2124 unaffected across 5 cohorts (N=2974)

The common variant rs74470773 near PDCD6IP showed suggestive (not genome-wide significant) association with ECC (Z = -4.589, p = 4.46e-6); genetic association, ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Association of Early Childhood Caries with Bitter Taste Receptors: A Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies… 2022 All outcomes
Cross-sectional (ECC ascertained at the last dental exam before age 6) · Population/community child cohorts: rural Appalachia (West Virginia, Pennsylvania) and Iowa (USA) and South West England; European / European non-Hispanic ancestry only · rs74470773 (3:33958083); effect/non-effect allele T/C; MAF 0.47; direction across 5 cohorts -----
Z-score (Stouffer's combined Z, 5 cohorts) -4.589
5 studies · 2974 participants
GRADE not reported