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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,710 questions · 14,842 findings · 1,394 reviews

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No studies found 2,880 · 19.4%GRADE not reported 1,413 · 9.5%Very low 3,103 · 20.9%Low 3,870 · 26.1%Moderate 2,663 · 17.9%High 913 · 6.2%

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Probiotics vs placebo

Large‐for‐gestational age · preventing gestational diabetes

Probiotics showed no clear difference in large‐for‐gestational age compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics vs placebo

Perinatal mortality · preventing gestational diabetes

Probiotics showed no clear difference in perinatal mortality (stillbirth and neonatal mortality) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topiramate vs placebo

Proportion of responders (at least 50% seizure frequency reduction in PGTCS) · people with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

It is very uncertain whether topiramate changes proportion of responders (at least 50% seizure frequency reduction… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pegloticase every two weeks (biweekly) vs placebo

Proportion with complete resolution of a target tophus · participants with tophi in gout

Pegloticase every two weeks (biweekly) probably leads to higher proportion with complete resolution of tophi compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Monthly pegloticase vs placebo

Serum urate normalisation ‐ not reported · participants with tophi in gout

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Monthly pegloticase vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · participants with tophi in gout

Monthly pegloticase probably leads to higher number of participant withdrawals due to adverse events compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Monthly pegloticase vs placebo

Total adverse events · participants with tophi in gout

Monthly pegloticase showed no clear difference in total adverse events compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lesinurad 200 mg plus allopurinol vs placebo plus allopurinol

Proportion with complete resolution of a target tophus · participants with tophi in gout

Lesinurad 200 mg plus allopurinol showed no clear difference in proportion with complete resolution of a target tophus compared with placebo plus allopurinol (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lesinurad 400 mg plus allopurinol vs placebo plus allopurinol

Proportion with complete resolution of a target tophus · participants with tophi in gout

Lesinurad 400 mg plus allopurinol showed no clear difference in proportion with complete resolution of a target tophus compared with placebo plus allopurinol (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review