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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,886 questions in 74 reviews · Skin
current versionsNo studies 542 · 28.7%Ungraded 130 · 6.9%Very low 326 · 17.3%Low 434 · 23%Moderate 348 · 18.5%High 106 · 5.6%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intralesional pentoxifylline vs daily simple dressing Secondary outcome: cost of intervention · ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy Interventions for ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Light‐emitting diode (LED) irradiation vs conventional dressing therapy Primary outcome: prevention of ulcer · ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy Interventions for ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Light‐emitting diode (LED) irradiation vs conventional dressing therapy Primary outcome: healing of ulcer (mean change of wound size (mm3) after 8 months treatment) · ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy Interventions for ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
Light‐emitting diode (LED) irradiation vs conventional dressing therapy Primary outcome: adverse events · ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy Interventions for ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Zinc tape vs magnesium sulphate glycerin Secondary outcome: costs · ulceration caused by nerve damage in leprosy Interventions for ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Light‐emitting diode (LED) irradiation vs conventional dressing therapy Secondary outcome: quality of life · ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy Interventions for ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Light‐emitting diode (LED) irradiation vs conventional dressing therapy Secondary outcome: acceptability of treatment · ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy Interventions for ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Light‐emitting diode (LED) irradiation vs conventional dressing therapy Secondary outcome: cost of intervention · ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy Interventions for ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Wax therapy vs foot soaks Primary outcome: healing of ulcer · skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy Interventions for ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Wax therapy vs foot soaks Tertiary outcome: prevention and treatment of other skin changes (number of feet being fissure‐ and callous‐free at 6 weeks) · skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy Interventions for ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy (2019) · Cochrane | RR 2.22 [1.07, 4.6] | 1 study · 44 participants | Very low |
Wax therapy vs foot soaks Primary outcome: prevention of ulcer · skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy Interventions for ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Wax therapy vs foot soaks Primary outcome: adverse effects · skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy Interventions for ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Wax therapy vs foot soaks Secondary outcome: quality of life · skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy Interventions for ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Wax therapy vs foot soaks Secondary outcome: acceptability of treatment (at 6 weeks) · skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy Interventions for ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 44 participants | Very low |
Wax therapy vs foot soaks Secondary outome: cost of intervention · skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy Interventions for ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Zinc tape vs povidone iodine (10%) Primary outcome: prevention of ulcers · ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy Interventions for ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
hAMMSC‐CM + vitamin C vs hAMMSC‐CM Primary outcome: prevention of ulcer · ulceration caused by nerve damage in leprosy Interventions for ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
hAMMSC‐CM + vitamin C vs hAMMSC‐CM Primary outcome: healing of ulcer (size, cm², at 8 weeks) · ulceration caused by nerve damage in leprosy Interventions for ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 44 participants | Very low |
hAMMSC‐CM + vitamin C vs hAMMSC‐CM Primary outcome: healing of ulcer (depth, cm², at 8 weeks) · ulceration caused by nerve damage in leprosy Interventions for ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 44 participants | Very low |
hAMMSC‐CM + vitamin C vs hAMMSC‐CM Primary outcome: adverse events · ulceration caused by nerve damage in leprosy Interventions for ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 44 participants | Very low |
hAMMSC‐CM + vitamin C vs hAMMSC‐CM Secondary outcome: quality of life · ulceration caused by nerve damage in leprosy Interventions for ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
hAMMSC‐CM + vitamin C vs hAMMSC‐CM Secondary outcome: acceptability of treatment · ulceration caused by nerve damage in leprosy Interventions for ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
hAMMSC‐CM + vitamin C vs hAMMSC‐CM Secondary outome: cost of intervention · ulceration caused by nerve damage in leprosy Interventions for ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
hAMMSC‐CM + vitamin E vs hAMMSC‐CM Primary outcome: prevention of ulcer · ulceration caused by nerve damage in leprosy Interventions for ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
hAMMSC‐CM + vitamin E vs hAMMSC‐CM Primary outcome: healing of ulcer (size, cm2 at 8 weeks) · ulceration caused by nerve damage in leprosy Interventions for ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 44 participants | Very low |
hAMMSC‐CM + vitamin E vs hAMMSC‐CM Primary outcome: healing of ulcer (depth, cm2 at 8 weeks) · ulceration caused by nerve damage in leprosy Interventions for ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 44 participants | Very low |
Zinc tape vs povidone iodine (10%) Primary outcome: healing of ulcers (mean reduction of ulcer area at 6 weeks (mm2)) · ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy Interventions for ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 38 participants | Very low |
hAMMSC‐CM + vitamin E vs hAMMSC‐CM Primary outcome: adverse events · ulceration caused by nerve damage in leprosy Interventions for ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 44 participants | Very low |
hAMMSC‐CM + vitamin E vs hAMMSC‐CM Secondary outcome: quality of life · ulceration caused by nerve damage in leprosy Interventions for ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
hAMMSC‐CM + vitamin E vs hAMMSC‐CM Secondary outcome: acceptability of treatment · ulceration caused by nerve damage in leprosy Interventions for ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
hAMMSC‐CM + vitamin E vs hAMMSC‐CM Secondary outome: cost of intervention · ulceration caused by nerve damage in leprosy Interventions for ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
hAMMSC‐CM + vitamin E vs hAMMSC‐CM + vitamin C Primary outcome: prevention of ulcer · ulceration caused by nerve damage in leprosy Interventions for ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
hAMMSC‐CM + vitamin E vs hAMMSC‐CM + vitamin C Primary outcome: healing of ulcer (size, cm2, at 8 weeks) · ulceration caused by nerve damage in leprosy Interventions for ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 44 participants | Very low |
hAMMSC‐CM + vitamin E vs hAMMSC‐CM + vitamin C Primary outcome: healing of ulcer (depth, cm2, at 8 weeks) · ulceration caused by nerve damage in leprosy Interventions for ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 44 participants | Very low |
hAMMSC‐CM + vitamin E vs hAMMSC‐CM + vitamin C Primary outcome: adverse events · ulceration caused by nerve damage in leprosy Interventions for ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 44 participants | Very low |
hAMMSC‐CM + vitamin E vs hAMMSC‐CM + vitamin C Secondary outcome: quality of life · ulceration caused by nerve damage in leprosy Interventions for ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
hAMMSC‐CM + vitamin E vs hAMMSC‐CM + vitamin C Secondary outcome: acceptability of treatment · ulceration caused by nerve damage in leprosy Interventions for ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Barrier creams vs no treatment The proportion of participants developing any signs and symptoms of OIHD (incident cases) measured by clinical scores (IGA) or hand dermatitis scores (e.g. HECSI, Manuscore), or both, as rated by the investigator (physician/nurse) or the participa... · workers at risk of occupational irritant hand dermatitis Interventions for preventing occupational irritant hand dermatitis (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.87 [0.72, 1.06] | 4 studies · 999 participants | Low |
Barrier creams vs no treatment Frequency of treatment discontinuation due to adverse effects · workers at risk of occupational irritant hand dermatitis Interventions for preventing occupational irritant hand dermatitis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 111 participants | Moderate |
Moisturisers vs no treatment The proportion of participants developing any signs and symptoms of OIHD (incident cases) measured by clinical scores (IGA) or hand dermatitis scores (e.g. HECSI, Manuscore), or both, as rated by the investigator (physician/nurse) or the participa... · workers at risk of occupational irritant hand dermatitis Interventions for preventing occupational irritant hand dermatitis (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.71 [0.46, 1.09] | 3 studies · 507 participants | Low |
Moisturisers vs no treatment Frequency of treatment discontinuation due to adverse effects · workers at risk of occupational irritant hand dermatitis Interventions for preventing occupational irritant hand dermatitis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 133 participants | Moderate |
Barrier creams and moisturisers vs no treatment The proportion of participants developing any signs and symptoms of OIHD (incident cases) measured by clinical scores (IGA) or hand dermatitis scores (e.g. HECSI, Manuscore), or both, as rated by the investigator (physician/nurse) or the participa... · workers at risk of occupational irritant hand dermatitis Interventions for preventing occupational irritant hand dermatitis (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.68 [0.33, 1.42] | 2 studies · 474 participants | Low |
Barrier creams and moisturisers vs no treatment Frequency of treatment discontinuation due to adverse effects · workers at risk of occupational irritant hand dermatitis Interventions for preventing occupational irritant hand dermatitis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 100 participants | Moderate |
Skin protection education vs no or minimal intervention The proportion of participants developing any signs and symptoms of OIHD (incident cases) measured by clinical scores (IGA) or hand dermatitis scores (e.g. HECSI, Manuscore), or both, as rated by the investigator (physician/nurse) or the participa... · workers at risk of occupational irritant hand dermatitis Interventions for preventing occupational irritant hand dermatitis (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.76 [0.54, 1.08] | 3 studies · 13551 participants | Very low |
Skin protection education vs no or minimal intervention Frequency of treatment discontinuation due to adverse effects · workers at risk of occupational irritant hand dermatitis Interventions for preventing occupational irritant hand dermatitis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 250 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Primary outcome 1: participant‐ or parent‐rated symptoms of eczema (SCORAD part C) at the end of active treatment Visual analogue scale for itch and sleep disturbance ranging from 0 to 10 for each symptom and combined ranging from 0 to 20. The hig... · male and female patients 0 to 55 years of age with physician‐diagnosed eczema Probiotics for treating eczema (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 13 studies · 754 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Primary outcome 1: participant‐ or parent‐rated global change in eczema symptoms at the end of active treatment (binary outcome) Change in risk for worsened/unchanged eczema Duration of · male and female patients 0 to 55 years of age with physician‐diagnosed eczema Probiotics for treating eczema (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.4 [0.14, 1.15] | 3 studies · 135 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Primary outcome 2: participant‐ or parent‐rated participant quality of life score at the end of active treatment Scales used: DLQI, IDQoL, Skindex‐29, CDLQI. On those scales, the higher the score, the more severely the quality of life is affected ... · male and female patients 0 to 55 years of age with physician‐diagnosed eczema Probiotics for treating eczema (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 552 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Primary outcome 2: participant‐ or parent‐rated family quality of life score at the end of active treatment Scale used: DFI, FDLQI. On those scales, the higher the score, the more severely the quality of life is affected Duration of · male and female patients 0 to 55 years of age with physician‐diagnosed eczema Probiotics for treating eczema (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 358 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Secondary outcome 4: global eczema severity score (total SCORAD) at the end of active treatment (Investigator‐rated eczema severity) Scale used: total SCORAD ranging from 0 to 103. The higher the score, the more severe the disease Duration of · male and female patients 0 to 55 years of age with physician‐diagnosed eczema Probiotics for treating eczema (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 24 studies · 1596 participants | Low |