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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,206 questions in 117 reviews · Common Mental Disorders
current versionsNo studies 387 · 17.5%Ungraded 111 · 5%Very low 635 · 28.8%Low 568 · 25.7%Moderate 449 · 20.4%High 56 · 2.5%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Lithium vs quetiapine Adverse events · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lithium vs olanzapine Efficacy: response (categorical) MSRS/YMRS ≥ 50% decrease in score by end of study · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.44 [0.2, 0.94] | 2 studies · 180 participants | Moderate |
Lithium vs olanzapine Efficacy: response (continuous) CGI severity score at end of study · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 210 participants | Low |
Lithium vs olanzapine Efficacy: remission (categorical) YMRS ≤ 12 at end of study · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | OR 2 [0.89, 4.46] | 1 study · 140 participants | Low |
Lithium vs olanzapine Acceptability: total withdrawals · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | OR 2.6 [1.13, 5.99] | 3 studies · 210 participants | Low |
Lithium vs olanzapine Adverse events · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lithium vs chlorpromazine Efficacy: response (categorical) MSRS/YMRS ≥ 50% decrease in score by end of study · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lithium vs chlorpromazine Efficacy: response (continuous) BPRS score change from baseline to end of study · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 284 participants | Very low |
Lithium vs chlorpromazine Efficacy: remission (categorical) YMRS ≤ 12 at end of study · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lithium vs placebo Acceptability: total withdrawals · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.76 [0.46, 1.25] | 7 studies · 1353 participants | Moderate |
Lithium vs chlorpromazine Acceptability: total withdrawals · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | OR 1.75 [0.92, 3.31] | 2 studies · 262 participants | Low |
Lithium vs chlorpromazine Adverse events · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lithium vs haloperidol Efficacy: response (categorical) MSRS/YMRS ≥ 50% decrease in score by end of study · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lithium vs haloperidol Efficacy: response (continuous) change in BPRS (total) from baseline to end of study ‐all data · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 80 participants | Very low |
Lithium vs haloperidol Efficacy: remission (categorical) YMRS ≤ 12 at end of study · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lithium vs haloperidol Acceptability: total withdrawals · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.29 [0.03, 3.12] | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low |
Lithium vs haloperidol Adverse events · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lithium vs zuclopenthixol Efficacy: response (categorical) BMRS change ≥ 50% from baseline to end of study · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | OR 1.33 [0.3, 5.91] | 1 study · 28 participants | Very low |
Lithium vs zuclopenthixol Efficacy: response (continuous) change in BPRS (total) from baseline to end of study ‐all data · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lithium vs zuclopenthixol Efficacy: remission (categorical) YMRS ≤ 12 at end of study · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lithium vs placebo Adverse event: tremor · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | OR 3.25 [2.1, 5.04] | 6 studies · 1241 participants | High |
Lithium vs zuclopenthixol Acceptability: total withdrawals · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.78 [0.17, 3.49] | 1 study · 28 participants | Very low |
Lithium vs zuclopenthixol Adverse events · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lithium vs risperidone Efficacy: response (categorical) BMRS change ≥ 50% from baseline to end of study · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lithium vs risperidone Efficacy: response (continuous) YMRS/MRS change at the end of the study · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 241 participants | Low |
Lithium vs risperidone Efficacy: remission (categorical) YMRS ≤ 12/absence of DSM‐IV mania by end of study · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | OR 1.3 [0.11, 14.95] | 2 studies · 211 participants | Low |
Lithium vs risperidone Acceptability: total withdrawals · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | OR 1.85 [1.02, 3.34] | 3 studies · 255 participants | Moderate |
Lithium vs risperidone Adverse events: drowsiness/ somnolence · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.43 [0.24, 0.75] | 2 studies · 219 participants | Moderate |
Lithium vs aripiprazole Efficacy: response (categorical) BMRS change ≥ 50% from baseline to end of study · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lithium vs aripiprazole Efficacy: response (continuous) YMRS change by ≥ 50% at end of study · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.96 [0.62, 1.51] | 1 study · 309 participants | Moderate |
Lithium vs aripiprazole Efficacy: remission (categorical) YMRS ≤ 12 at end of study · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.99 [0.63, 1.56] | 1 study · 309 participants | Moderate |
Lithium vs placebo Adverse event: somnolence · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | OR 2.28 [1.46, 3.58] | 7 studies · 1351 participants | High |
Lithium vs aripiprazole Acceptability: total withdrawals · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.94 [0.6, 1.46] | 1 study · 315 participants | Moderate |
Lithium vs aripiprazole Adverse events: tremor · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | OR 1.45 [0.65, 3.24] | 1 study · 313 participants | Moderate |
Lithium vs aripiprazole Adverse events: somnolence/sedation · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.56 [0.26, 1.23] | 1 study · 313 participants | Moderate |
Lithium vs aripiprazole Adverse events: clinically relevant (> 7%) weight gain · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | OR 2.07 [0.18, 23.21] | 1 study · 184 participants | Low |
Lithium vs topiramate Efficacy: response (categorical) YMRS change ≥ 50% from baseline to end of study · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | OR 2.28 [1.63, 3.2] | 1 study · 660 participants | High |
Lithium vs topiramate Efficacy: response (continuous) YMRS change by ≥ 50% at end of study · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lithium vs topiramate Efficacy: remission (categorical) YMRS ≤ 12 at end of study · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | OR 2.24 [1.58, 3.15] | 1 study · 660 participants | High |
Lithium vs topiramate Acceptability: total withdrawals · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | OR 1.28 [0.66, 2.48] | 2 studies · 1352 participants | High |
Lithium vs clonazepam Efficacy: response (categorical) YMRS change ≥ 50% from baseline to end of study · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lithium vs clonazepam Efficacy: response (continuous) change in CGI score from baseline to end of study · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 41 participants | Moderate |
Lithium vs placebo Adverse event: weight gain · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | OR 1.48 [0.56, 3.92] | 3 studies · 735 participants | Moderate |
Lithium vs clonazepam Efficacy : remission (categorical) YMRS ≤ 12 at end of study · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lithium vs clonazepam Acceptability: total withdrawals · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lithium vs clonazepam Adverse events · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lithium vs electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) Efficacy: response (categorical) YMRS change ≥ 50% from baseline to end of study · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lithium vs electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) Efficacy: response (continuous) MRS mean change from baseline to end of study · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 34 participants | Low |
Lithium vs electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) Efficacy: remission (categorical) YMRS ≤ 12 at end of study · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lithium vs electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) Acceptability: total withdrawals · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |