Fracture · Participants in observational studies
The meta-analysis of observational studies reported a SMD (to OR) of 0.31 (95% CI 0.23 to 0.42) for higher versus lower circulating vitamin D concentration.
1 finding from 1 review
Body‐mass index (BMI) · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Body mass index: Z score -0.15 (95% CI -0.19 to -0.11), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
1 finding from 1 review
Sporadic colorectal adenoma · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Sporadic colorectal adenoma: OR 0.82 (95% CI 0.69 to 0.97), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
All cause mortality (in CKD patients) · Participants in observational studies
The meta-analysis of observational studies reported a RR of 0.88 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.93) for higher versus lower circulating vitamin D concentration.
1 finding from 1 review
Type 2 diabetes (prevalent) · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Type 2 diabetes (prevalent): OR 0.45 (95% CI 0.25 to 0.82), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
All cause mortality · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for All cause mortality: HR 0.72 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.78), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
Rectal cancer · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Rectal cancer: OR 0.50 (95% CI 0.29 to 0.88), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
Projected Significant Caries (SiC) index · Alaska Native children (below age 18)
A simulation projected a 50% drop in the Significant Caries index for children (12.3 to 6.1) under the PDHA model (certainty not graded).
2 findings from 1 review
Projected proportion of caries-free children (5-18 years) · Alaska Native children (below age 18)
A simulation projected 0% of children aged 5-18 would be caries-free under the baseline scenario (certainty not graded).
3 findings from 1 review
Projected receipt of school-based prevention services · Alaska Native children (below age 18)
A simulation projected that over 90% of children would receive school-based prevention services under the PDHA model, up from 53% (certainty not graded).
1 finding from 1 review
Dental caries · Alaska children below age 5 years
The PDHA program was projected to reduce mean DMFT in children below age 5 from 7.4 to 4.9, without a GRADE rating.
1 finding from 1 review
Mean DMFT 7.4 to 4.9
1 study
GRADE not reported
Projected dental care utilisation · Alaska Native children (below age 18)
A simulation projected that the PDHA program would raise dental care utilisation from 75% to 90% (certainty not graded).
1 finding from 1 review
Ever utilised dental services · Adult residents of slums and non-slum urban settings of LMICs
Ever-use of dental services is low-to-moderate (17%-71%) and generally lower in slum/rural groups; ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Periodontal disease prevalence · Adult residents of slums and non-slum urban settings of LMICs
Periodontal disease prevalence is high (23%-99%) across LMIC urban/slum populations; ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Periodontal disease affected all ages, was more pronounced in older groups, and ranged from 23% to 99%, generally higher than dental caries; bleeding gum/gingivitis contributed the largest component.
9 studies
GRADE not reported
Dental service utilisation within the past year · Adult residents of slums and non-slum urban settings of LMICs
Professional dental service utilization was generally low, episodic, and pain driven.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
10 studies
GRADE not reported
Dental service utilisation within the past year · Adult residents of slums and non-slum urban settings of LMICs
Past-year dental service use varies widely (4%-72%); ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Determinants of oral diseases · Adult residents of slums and non-slum urban settings of LMICs
Older age, lower education and income, poor oral hygiene, and disadvantaged residential setting were associated with oral diseases; directions varied across studies.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
14 studies
GRADE not reported
Dental caries · Adult residents of slums and non-slum urban settings of LMICs
Slum residents had non-significantly higher odds of caries than non-slum residents (OR 1.21, 95% CI 0.94-1.56; single study); ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Periodontal pocket (odds), slum vs non-slum residence · Adult residents of slums and non-slum urban settings of LMICs
Slum residents had significantly higher odds of periodontal pocketing than non-slum residents (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.13-1.98; single study); ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Caries experience (mean DMFT) · Adult residents of slums and non-slum urban settings of LMICs
Mean DMFT ranges from 0.26 to 16.6 across LMIC urban/slum populations; ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review