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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

577 questions · 585 findings · 57 reviews

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No studies found 61 · 10.4%GRADE not reported 46 · 7.9%Very low 206 · 35.2%Low 210 · 35.9%Moderate 52 · 8.9%High 10 · 1.7%

High vs standard volume of fortified human milk or preterm formula

Extrauterine growth restriction at discharge · preterm or low birth weight infants

High showed no clear difference in extrauterine growth restriction at discharge compared with standard volume of fortified human milk or preterm formula (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High vs standard volume of fortified human milk or preterm formula

Necrotising enterocolitis · preterm or low birth weight infants

It is very uncertain whether high changes necrotising enterocolitis compared with standard volume of fortified human milk or preterm formula (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

More frequent (less than eight hours) vs less frequent (eight hours or greater) monitoring of gastric residual volume

Mortality (at the end of · adults receiving EN via nasogastric or gastrostomy tube

It is very uncertain whether more frequent (less than eight hours) changes mortality (at the end of compared with less frequent (eight hours or greater) monitoring of gastric… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

More frequent (less than eight hours) vs less frequent (eight hours or greater) monitoring of gastric residual volume

Pneumonia · adults receiving EN via nasogastric or gastrostomy tube

It is very uncertain whether more frequent (less than eight hours) changes pneumonia (until discontinued or up to 28 days) compared with less frequent (eight hours or greater) monitoring of gastric… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

No monitoring vs frequent monitoring (12 hours or less) of gastric residual volume

Mortality (at the end of · adults receiving EN via nasogastric or gastrostomy tube

It is very uncertain whether no monitoring changes mortality (at the end of compared with frequent monitoring (12 hours or less) of gastric residual volume (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

No monitoring vs frequent monitoring (12 hours or less) of gastric residual volume

Pneumonia · adults receiving EN via nasogastric or gastrostomy tube

It is very uncertain whether no monitoring changes pneumonia (until discontinued or up to 28 days) compared with frequent monitoring (12 hours or less) of gastric residual volume (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher threshold (500 mL per six hours or greater) vs lower threshold (less than 500 mL per six hours) at time of aspiration

Mortality (at the end of · adults receiving EN via nasogastric or gastrostomy tube

It is very uncertain whether higher threshold (500 mL per six hours or greater) changes mortality (at the end of compared with lower threshold (less than 500 mL per six hours) at time of aspiration (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher threshold (500 mL per six hours or greater) vs lower threshold (less than 500 mL per six hours) at time of aspiration

Pneumonia · adults receiving EN via nasogastric or gastrostomy tube

It is very uncertain whether higher threshold (500 mL per six hours or greater) changes pneumonia (until discontinued or up to 28 days) compared with lower threshold (less than 500 mL per six hours) at time of aspiration (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review