Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

412 questions · 464 findings · 104 reviews

No studies found 44 · 9.5%GRADE not reported 84 · 18.1%Very low 165 · 35.6%Low 113 · 24.4%Moderate 41 · 8.8%High 17 · 3.7%

Tafamidis vs placebo

Number of participants experiencing at least one severe adverse event · people with early‐stage TTR‐FAP

It is very uncertain whether tafamidis changes number of participants experiencing at least one severe adverse event compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chlorhexidine (vaginal wash or gel/cream) vs placebo or no treatment

GBS pneumonia within the first seven days of life · women with vaginal or rectal colonization with GBS during labour and their preterm/term infants

It is very uncertain whether chlorhexidine (vaginal wash or gel/cream) changes GBS pneumonia within the first seven days of life compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chlorhexidine (vaginal wash or gel/cream) vs placebo or no treatment

Neonatal colonization with GBS within the first seven days of life · women with vaginal or rectal colonization with GBS during labour and their preterm/term infants

It is very uncertain whether chlorhexidine (vaginal wash or gel/cream) changes neonatal colonization with GBS within the first seven days of life compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chlorhexidine (vaginal wash or gel/cream) vs placebo or no treatment

Adverse (mild) effects in the mother · women with vaginal or rectal colonization with GBS during labour and their preterm/term infants

It is very uncertain whether chlorhexidine (vaginal wash or gel/cream) changes adverse (mild) effects in the mother compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

12,500 ppm F (NaF/olaflur/dectaflur) amine fluoride gel vs Placebo gel

Number of participants with more severe DLs (severity of DLs) · Orthodontic patients of any age with fixed braces (new DLs assessed at debond)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Patient-used 5000 ppm F toothpaste, daily vs 1450 to 1500 ppm F toothpaste

Number of participants with more severe DLs (severity of DLs) · Orthodontic patients of any age with fixed braces (new DLs assessed at debond)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

1400/250 ppm F (amine F/SnF2) toothpaste + mouthrinse, daily vs 1400/250 ppm F (NaF) toothpaste + mouthrinse, daily

Number of participants with more severe DLs (severity of DLs) · Orthodontic patients of any age with fixed braces (new DLs assessed at debond)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

1400/250 ppm F (amine F/SnF2) toothpaste + mouthrinse, daily vs 1400/250 ppm F (NaF) toothpaste + mouthrinse, daily

Adverse effects · Orthodontic patients of any age with fixed braces (new DLs assessed at debond)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Slow-release fluoride device (fluoride glass beads) vs Fluoride mouthrinse

Number of participants with more severe DLs (severity of DLs) · Orthodontic patients of any age with fixed braces (new DLs assessed at debond)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

1400/250 ppm F (amine F/SnF2) toothpaste + mouthrinse, daily vs 1400/250 ppm F (NaF) toothpaste + mouthrinse, daily

Gingival bleeding (various bleeding indices) · Orthodontic patients of any age with fixed braces (new DLs assessed at debond)

It is very uncertain whether 1400/250 ppm F (amine F/SnF2) toothpaste + mouthrinse, daily changes gingival bleeding index (mean change from baseline) compared with 1400/250 ppm F (NaF) toothpaste + mouthrinse, daily (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

1400/250 ppm F (amine F/SnF2) toothpaste + mouthrinse, daily vs 1400/250 ppm F (NaF) toothpaste + mouthrinse, daily

White spot lesion index (mean change from baseline) · Orthodontic patients of any age with fixed braces (new DLs assessed at debond)

It is very uncertain whether 1400/250 ppm F (amine F/SnF2) toothpaste + mouthrinse, daily changes white spot lesion index (mean change from baseline) compared with 1400/250 ppm F (NaF) toothpaste + mouthrinse, daily (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fluoride varnish vs Non-fluoride (placebo) varnish

Number of participants with new demineralised lesions (DLs) · Orthodontic patients of any age with fixed braces (new DLs assessed at debond)

Professionally-applied fluoride varnish (7700 or 10,000 ppm F),… showed no clear difference in number of participants with new demineralised lesions (DLs) compared with non-fluoride (placebo) varnish (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Patient-used 250 ppm F mouthrinse (100 ppm amine F/150 ppm NaF), daily vs 0 ppm F placebo mouthrinse, daily

Adverse effects · Orthodontic patients of any age with fixed braces (new DLs assessed at debond)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Fluoride varnish vs Non-fluoride (placebo) varnish

Number of participants with more severe DLs (score 3 or 4 versus 1 or 2) · Orthodontic patients of any age with fixed braces (new DLs assessed at debond)

Professionally-applied fluoride varnish (7700 ppm F ammonium… may leads to lower number of participants with more severe DLs (score 3 or 4 versus 1… compared with non-fluoride (placebo) varnish (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review