Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

509 questions · 521 findings · 45 reviews

No studies found 87 · 16.7%GRADE not reported 61 · 11.7%Very low 166 · 31.9%Low 120 · 23%Moderate 73 · 14%High 14 · 2.7%

Specific antipsychotic vs other drugs

Leaving the study early · patients with antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia

It is very uncertain whether specific antipsychotic changes acceptability of the treatment: leaving the study early compared with other drugs (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Switch to another antipsychotic vs antipsychotic cessation

Tardive dyskinesia: No clinically important improvement · psychiatric patients (schizophrenia) with antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia

Switch to another antipsychotic may leads to lower tardive dyskinesia: no clinically important improvement compared with antipsychotic cessation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

RISPERIDONE vs OLANZAPINE

Leaving the study early · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

It is very uncertain whether RISPERIDONE changes leaving study early: any reason compared with OLANZAPINE ‒ short‐ and long‐term data (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

RISPERIDONE vs QUETIAPINE

Leaving the study early · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

RISPERIDONE showed no clear difference in leaving the study early: 1. any reason, long term (>12 months) compared with QUETIAPINE ‒ short‐ and long‐term data (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

RISPERIDONE vs ZIPRASIDONE ‒ long‐term data (> 12 months)

Leaving the study early · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

RISPERIDONE showed no clear difference in leaving the study early: any reason compared with ZIPRASIDONE ‒ long‐term data (> 12 months) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

RISPERIDONE vs CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term

Substance use: improvement ‒ (at least 20% reduction in use, TLFB scale) · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

It is very uncertain whether RISPERIDONE changes substance use: improvement ‒ (at least 20% reduction in use, TLFB… compared with CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

RISPERIDONE vs CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term

Adherence to antipsychotic medication: discontinued medication · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

It is very uncertain whether RISPERIDONE changes adherence to antipsychotic medication: discontinued medication compared with CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

RISPERIDONE vs CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term

Adverse effects: any observed extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ short term (up to 6 months) · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

It is very uncertain whether RISPERIDONE changes adverse effects. 1. Movement disorders ‐ any extrapyramidal compared with CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

RISPERIDONE vs CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term

Leaving the study early · people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse

It is very uncertain whether RISPERIDONE changes leaving the study early ‒ any reason compared with CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review