What do systematic reviews say?

Antibiotics vs no treatment/placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Systemic antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Systemic antibiotics alone vs systematic antibiotics plus antibiotic lock solution

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for treating catheter‐related bloodstream infections in people receiving maintenance haemodialysis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Systemic antibiotics alone vs systematic antibiotics plus antibiotic lock solution

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for treating catheter‐related bloodstream infections in people receiving maintenance haemodialysis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Systemic antibiotics alone vs systematic antibiotics plus antibiotic lock solution

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for treating catheter‐related bloodstream infections in people receiving maintenance haemodialysis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Systemic antibiotics alone vs systematic antibiotics plus antibiotic lock solution

It is very uncertain whether systemic antibiotics alone changes cure: successful eradication of the infection compared with systematic antibiotics plus antibiotic lock solution (very low certainty).

• Interventions for treating catheter‐related bloodstream infections in people receiving maintenance haemodialysis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.61 [1.16, 2.23]
  1 study · 64 participants
  Very low

Systemic antibiotics alone vs systematic antibiotics plus antibiotic lock solution

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for treating catheter‐related bloodstream infections in people receiving maintenance haemodialysis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Treatment with antibiotics vs No antibiotics, placebo, or different types of antibiotics

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for treating traumatised permanent front teeth: avulsed (knocked out) and replanted 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies
  No studies found

Immediate antibiotics vs expectant observation

Immediate antibiotics showed no clear difference in pain ‐ Pain at 11 to 14 days compared with expectant observation (low certainty).

• Antibiotics for acute otitis media in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.91 [0.75, 1.1]
  1 study · 247 participants
  Low

Immediate antibiotics vs expectant observation

Immediate antibiotics leads to higher vomiting, diarrhoea or rash compared with expectant observation (high certainty).

• Antibiotics for acute otitis media in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.87 [1.39, 2.51]
  3 studies · 946 participants
  High

Immediate antibiotics vs expectant observation

Immediate antibiotics showed no clear difference in abnormal tympanometry at 4 weeks compared with expectant observation (moderate certainty).

• Antibiotics for acute otitis media in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.03 [0.78, 1.35]
  1 study · 207 participants
  Moderate

Immediate antibiotics vs expectant observation

Immediate antibiotics may leads to lower pain ‐ Pain at 2 to 3 days compared with expectant observation (low certainty).

• Antibiotics for acute otitis media in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.53 [0.35, 0.79]
  1 study · 396 participants
  Low

Immediate antibiotics vs expectant observation

Immediate antibiotics showed no clear difference in pain ‐ Pain at 3 to 7 days compared with expectant observation (moderate certainty).

• Antibiotics for acute otitis media in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.75 [0.5, 1.12]
  4 studies · 959 participants
  Moderate

Antibiotics (short duration) vs antibiotics (long duration) postpartum

• Antibiotic regimens for management of intra‐amniotic infection 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Antibiotics (short duration) vs antibiotics (long duration) postpartum

Antibiotics (short duration) showed no clear difference in wound infection compared with antibiotics (long duration) postpartum (low certainty).

• Antibiotic regimens for management of intra‐amniotic infection 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.87 [0.17, 20.37]
  1 study · 292 participants
  Low

Antibiotics (short duration) vs antibiotics (long duration) postpartum

• Antibiotic regimens for management of intra‐amniotic infection 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 292 participants
  Moderate

Antibiotics (short duration) vs antibiotics (long duration) postpartum

• Antibiotic regimens for management of intra‐amniotic infection 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Antibiotics (short duration) vs antibiotics (long duration) postpartum

• Antibiotic regimens for management of intra‐amniotic infection 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Antibiotics (short duration) vs antibiotics (long duration) postpartum

• Antibiotic regimens for management of intra‐amniotic infection 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Antibiotics (short duration) vs antibiotics (long duration) postpartum

Antibiotics (short duration) showed no clear difference in treatment failure (vaginal and cesarean delivery) compared with antibiotics (long duration) postpartum (low certainty).

• Antibiotic regimens for management of intra‐amniotic infection 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.31 [0.42, 4.02]
  1 study · 292 participants
  Low

Antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Antibiotic prophylaxis for operative vaginal delivery 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found