Intervention not reported
Direct costs ( · exacerbations of COPD
1 finding from 1 review
Annual Exacerbation Rates · COPD
Combined inhalers may leads to lower annual Exacerbation Rates compared with LABAs (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Exacerbations (number of people experiencing ≥ 1 exacerbations) · COPD
Combined inhalers probably leads to lower number of people experiencing one or more exacerbations compared with LABAs (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Annual hospitalisation rates · COPD
It is very uncertain whether combined inhalers changes annual hospitalisation rates compared with LABAs (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause mortality · COPD
Combined inhalers showed no clear difference in mortality compared with LABAs (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pneumonia · COPD
Combined inhalers probably leads to higher pneumonia compared with LABAs (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Serious adverse events ‐ Haemodilution versus control. · patients with liver resection.
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
Number requiring allogeneic blood transfusion ‐ Low central venous pressure (CVP) versus control. · patients with liver resection.
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes number requiring allogeneic blood transfusion ‐ Low central venous… (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Number requiring allogeneic blood transfusion ‐ Haemodilution versus control. · patients with liver resection.
The intervention led to lower number requiring allogeneic blood transfusion ‐ Haemodilution versus…; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Red cell transfusion ‐ Low CVP versus control. · patients with liver resection.
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Red cell transfusion ‐ Haemodilution versus control. · patients with liver resection.
1 finding from 1 review
Dyspnoea during exercise Modified Borg dyspnoea score at end of 6‐minute walk test Scores range from 0 to 10, with lower scores indicating less shortness of breath · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1 finding from 1 review
Change in 6‐minute walking distance · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1 finding from 1 review
QoL · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1 finding from 1 review
Dyspnoea during exercise Modified Borg dyspnoea score at end of 6‐minute walk test Scores range from 0 to 10, with lower scores indicating less shortness of breath · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1 finding from 1 review
Dyspnea · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1 finding from 1 review
Exercise endurance Duration of constant work rate exercise test (minutes) · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1 finding from 1 review
Exercise endurance Duration of constant work rate exercise test on treadmill · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1 finding from 1 review
Change in 6‐minute walking distance · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1 finding from 1 review
Dyspnoea during treadmill walking Borg scale at isotime during constant work rate treadmill test Scale ranges from 0 to 10, with lower scores indicating less shortness of breath · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1 finding from 1 review