Pain ‐ using the section of Constant score Scale from 0 to 15; with 15 being the best positive score · adults (aged ≥ 16 years) with acute middle third clavicle fractures
It is very uncertain whether intramedullary fixation changes pain ‐ using the section of Constant score Scale from 0 to 15; with… compared with open reduction and internal fixation with plate (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Treatment failure (participants who have a non‐routine secondary surgical intervention) ‐ Overall treatment failure · adults (aged ≥ 16 years) with acute middle third clavicle fractures
It is very uncertain whether intramedullary fixation changes treatment failure (participants who have a non‐routine secondary… compared with open reduction and internal fixation with plate (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Clinical healing ‐ time to clinical/radiographic fracture consolidation (weeks) · adults (aged ≥ 16 years) with acute middle third clavicle fractures
It is very uncertain whether intramedullary fixation changes clinical healing ‐ time to clinical/radiographic fracture… compared with open reduction and internal fixation with plate (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events ‐ total of adverse events (various: mainly infection; cosmetic result ‐ e.g. prominent metalwork ‐ and symptomatic hardware) · adults (aged ≥ 16 years) with acute middle third clavicle fractures
It is very uncertain whether intramedullary fixation changes adverse events ‐ total of adverse events (various: mainly infection;… compared with open reduction and internal fixation with plate (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Quality of life ‐ not measured · adults (aged ≥ 16 years) with acute middle third clavicle fractures
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Return to previous activities ‐ not measured · adults (aged ≥ 16 years) with acute middle third clavicle fractures
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Hospital mortality · adults (aged > 17 years) with acute respiratory failure after upper abdominal surgery
Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) showed no clear difference in hospital mortality compared with oxygen therapy (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Rate of intubation · adults (aged > 17 years) with acute respiratory failure after upper abdominal surgery
Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) may leads to lower rate of tracheal Intubation compared with oxygen therapy (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Duration of ICU stay · adults (aged > 17 years) with acute respiratory failure after upper abdominal surgery
It is very uncertain whether noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) changes ICU length of stay compared with oxygen therapy (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Overall unadjusted mortality · adults (age > 15 years) with major trauma (ISS > 15)
It is very uncertain whether helicopter emergency medical services changes overall unadjusted mortality compared with ground emergency medical services (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
RR 1.03 [0.85, 1.26]
376648 participants
Very low
Adverse events · adults (age > 15 years) with major trauma (ISS > 15)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Maternal death · Pregnant women aged 18 to 38 years and an estimated gestation of 20 to 36 weeks.
Viral influenza vaccine showed no clear difference in maternal death compared with control (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Infant death (up to 175 days) · Pregnant women aged 18 to 38 years and an estimated gestation of 20 to 36 weeks.
Viral influenza vaccine showed no clear difference in infant death (up to 175 days) compared with control (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Perinatal death (stillbirth + death in first week of life) · Pregnant women aged 18 to 38 years and an estimated gestation of 20 to 36 weeks.
Viral influenza vaccine showed no clear difference in perinatal death (stillbirth + death in first week of life) compared with control (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Any respiratory illness in women · Pregnant women aged 18 to 38 years and an estimated gestation of 20 to 36 weeks.
Viral influenza vaccine showed no clear difference in any respiratory illness in women compared with control (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Any respiratory illness in infants · Pregnant women aged 18 to 38 years and an estimated gestation of 20 to 36 weeks.
Viral influenza vaccine showed no clear difference in any respiratory illness in infants compared with control (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Maternal hospitalisation for any infection · Pregnant women aged 18 to 38 years and an estimated gestation of 20 to 36 weeks.
Viral influenza vaccine showed no clear difference in maternal hospitalisation for any infection compared with control (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Neonatal hospitalisation due to sepsis within 28 days of birth · Pregnant women aged 18 to 38 years and an estimated gestation of 20 to 36 weeks.
Viral influenza vaccine showed no clear difference in neonatal hospitalisation due to sepsis within 28 days of birth compared with control (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caries (lesion) progression (radiographic) · Dentate children and adults with non-cavitated proximal caries lesions extending into enamel or dentine (not pulp) in primary or permanent…
Resin sealant (with or without flossing advice) led to lower caries (lesion) progression (radiographic) compared with flossing advice (non-invasive control); GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
OR 0.33 [0.18, 0.59]
2 studies
GRADE not reported
Micro-invasive treatment (proximal sealing or resin infiltration) vs Conventional invasive treatment (restoration / drill and fill)
Outcome not reported · Dentate children and adults with non-cavitated proximal caries lesions extending into enamel or dentine (not pulp) in primary or permanent…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review