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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,206 questions in 117 reviews · Common Mental Disorders
current versionsNo studies 387 · 17.5%Ungraded 111 · 5%Very low 635 · 28.8%Low 568 · 25.7%Moderate 449 · 20.4%High 56 · 2.5%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Exercise therapy vs adaptive pacing therapy Sleep Measured at end of treatment · men and women aged over 18 years with chronic fatigue syndrome Exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Exercise therapy vs adaptive pacing therapy Sleep Measured after 52 weeks Jenkins Sleep Scale, 0‐20 points Low score means better sleep · men and women aged over 18 years with chronic fatigue syndrome Exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 294 participants | Low |
Exercise therapy vs antidepressants FatigueMeasured at end of treatment, 26 weeks · men and women aged over 18 years with chronic fatigue syndrome Exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 48 participants | Very low |
Exercise therapy vs antidepressants Fatigue Long term · men and women aged over 18 years with chronic fatigue syndrome Exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Exercise therapy vs control Pain Measured at end of treatment · men and women aged over 18 years with chronic fatigue syndrome Exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Exercise therapy vs antidepressants Serious adverse reactions End of treatment and long term · men and women aged over 18 years with chronic fatigue syndrome Exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Exercise therapy vs antidepressants Pain End of treatment and long term · men and women aged over 18 years with chronic fatigue syndrome Exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Exercise therapy vs antidepressants Physical functioning End of treatment and long term · men and women aged over 18 years with chronic fatigue syndrome Exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Exercise therapy vs antidepressants Qualityof Life (QOL) End of treatment and long term · men and women aged over 18 years with chronic fatigue syndrome Exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Exercise therapy vs antidepressants Depression Measured at end of treatment, 26 weeks · men and women aged over 18 years with chronic fatigue syndrome Exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 48 participants | Very low |
Exercise therapy vs antidepressants Depression Long term · men and women aged over 18 years with chronic fatigue syndrome Exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Exercise therapy vs antidepressants Sleep End of treatment and long term · men and women aged over 18 years with chronic fatigue syndrome Exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Exercise therapy plus antidepressants vs antidepressants alone FatigueMeasured at end of treatment, 26 weeks · men and women aged over 18 years with chronic fatigue syndrome Exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 43 participants | Very low |
Exercise therapy plus antidepressants vs antidepressants alone Fatigue Long term · men and women aged over 18 years with chronic fatigue syndrome Exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Exercise therapy plus antidepressants vs antidepressants alone Serious adverse reactions End of treatment and long term · men and women aged over 18 years with chronic fatigue syndrome Exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Exercise therapy vs control Pain intensity Measured after 52 weeks · men and women aged over 18 years with chronic fatigue syndrome Exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 43 participants | Very low |
Exercise therapy plus antidepressants vs antidepressants alone Pain End of treatment and long term · men and women aged over 18 years with chronic fatigue syndrome Exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Exercise therapy plus antidepressants vs antidepressants alone Physical functioning End of treatment and long term · men and women aged over 18 years with chronic fatigue syndrome Exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Exercise therapy plus antidepressants vs antidepressants alone Quality of Life (QOL) End of treatment and long term · men and women aged over 18 years with chronic fatigue syndrome Exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Exercise therapy plus antidepressants vs antidepressants alone Depression Measured at end of treatment, 26 weeks HADS depression score, 0‐21 points Lowest score is least symptoms · men and women aged over 18 years with chronic fatigue syndrome Exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 44 participants | Very low |
Exercise therapy plus antidepressants vs antidepressants alone Depression Long term · men and women aged over 18 years with chronic fatigue syndrome Exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Exercise therapy plus antidepressants vs antidepressants alone Sleep End of treatment and long term · men and women aged over 18 years with chronic fatigue syndrome Exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Exercise therapy vs control Physical functioning Measured at end of treatment; 12‐24 weeks · men and women aged over 18 years with chronic fatigue syndrome Exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 725 participants | Low |
Exercise therapy vs control Physical functioning Measured after 52‐70 weeks · men and women aged over 18 years with chronic fatigue syndrome Exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 621 participants | Very low |
Exercise therapy vs control Quality of Life (QoL) Measured at end of treatment · men and women aged over 18 years with chronic fatigue syndrome Exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Exercise therapy vs control Quality of Life (QoL) Measured after 52 weeks · men and women aged over 18 years with chronic fatigue syndrome Exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 44 participants | Very low |
Lithium vs placebo Efficacy: response (categorical) YMRS/MRS decrease by ≥ 50% at end of study · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | OR 2.13 [1.73, 2.63] | 6 studies · 1707 participants | High |
Lithium vs valproate Efficacy: remission (categorical) YMRS ≤ 12 and no increase in MADRS at end of study · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.78 [0.46, 1.32] | 1 study · 257 participants | Moderate |
Lithium vs valproate Acceptability: total withdrawals · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | OR 1.2 [0.86, 1.69] | 5 studies · 629 participants | High |
Lithium vs valproate Adverse event: tremor · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | OR 10.51 [1.96, 56.48] | 2 studies · 449 participants | High |
Lithium vs valproate Adverse event: somnolence · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.47 [0.29, 0.76] | 4 studies · 575 participants | High |
Lithium vs valproate Adverse event: nausea · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | OR 1.53 [0.97, 2.4] | 4 studies · 583 participants | Moderate |
Lithium vs lamotrigine Efficacy: response (categorical) YMRS/SADS‐C decrease ≥ 50% by end of study · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lithium vs lamotrigine Efficacy: response (continuous) Change in BPRS from baseline to end of study · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 301 participants | Moderate |
Lithium vs lamotrigine Efficacy: remission (categorical) YMRS ≤ 12 and no increase in MADRS at end of study · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lithium vs lamotrigine Acceptability: total withdrawals · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.8 [0.5, 1.29] | 3 studies · 303 participants | Very low |
Lithium vs lamotrigine Adverse event: tremor · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | OR 1.28 [0.48, 3.41] | 2 studies · 272 participants | Moderate |
Lithium vs placebo Efficacy: response (continuous) YMRS change from baseline at end of study · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 935 participants | High |
Lithium vs lamotrigine Adverse event: somnolence · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | OR 1.14 [0.34, 3.85] | 2 studies · 272 participants | Moderate |
Lithium vs carbamazepine Efficacy: response (categorical) YMRS/SADS‐C decrease ≥ 50% by end of study · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lithium vs carbamazepine Efficacy: response (continuous) YMRS/BPRS change from baseline to end of study · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 102 participants | Very low |
Lithium vs carbamazepine Efficacy: response (continuous) CGI change from baseline to end of study · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 76 participants | Moderate |
Lithium vs carbamazepine Efficacy: remission (categorical) YMRS ≤ 12 and no increase in MADRS at end of study · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lithium vs carbamazepine Acceptability: total withdrawals · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.2 [0.02, 1.94] | 1 study · 34 participants | Low |
Lithium vs carbamazepine Adverse event: sedation · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.16 [0.01, 3.64] | 1 study · 27 participants | Low |
Lithium vs quetiapine Efficacy: response (categorical) YMRS decrease by ≥ 50% by end of study · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.66 [0.28, 1.55] | 2 studies · 335 participants | Very low |
Lithium vs quetiapine Efficacy: response (continuous) YMRS change from baseline to end of study · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 359 participants | Low |
Lithium vs quetiapine Efficacy: remission (categorical) Decrease in YMRS ≤ 12 by end of study · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.64 [0.26, 1.57] | 2 studies · 359 participants | Low |
Lithium vs placebo Efficacy: remission (categorical) YMRS < 12 at end of study · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | OR 2.16 [1.73, 2.69] | 5 studies · 1597 participants | High |
Lithium vs quetiapine Acceptability: total withdrawals · acute mania Lithium for acute mania (2019) · Cochrane | OR 1.38 [0.83, 2.28] | 2 studies · 359 participants | Very low |