Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,543 questions · 2,589 findings · 168 reviews · Schizophrenia

No studies found 601 · 23.2%GRADE not reported 446 · 17.2%Very low 721 · 27.8%Low 505 · 19.5%Moderate 274 · 10.6%High 42 · 1.6%

ECT plus standard care vs sham‐ECT plus standard care

Service use (short term) ‐ hospitalisation (number readmitted) · people with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia

ECT plus standard care may leads to lower service use (short term) ‐ hospitalisation (number readmitted) compared with sham‐ECT plus standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ECT plus standard care vs antipsychotics plus standard care

Response to treatment (medium term) Clinically important response to treatment as defined by each study · people with treatment‐resistant schizophrenia

ECT plus standard care showed no clear difference in response to treatment (medium term) Clinically important response to… compared with antipsychotics plus standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Aspirin plus antipsychotics vs placebo/no adjunctive treatment + antipsychotics

Global state: any change in global state – unspecified problem necessitating change in dose or type of antipsychotics – medium term · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether aspirin plus antipsychotics changes global state: any change in global state – unspecified problem… compared with placebo plus antipsychotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Aspirin plus antipsychotics vs placebo/no adjunctive treatment + antipsychotics

Behaviour: Leaving the study early (short‐term) · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether aspirin plus antipsychotics changes leaving the study early: short‐term – for any reason compared with placebo plus antipsychotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Aspirin plus antipsychotics vs placebo/no adjunctive treatment + antipsychotics

Adverse events: gastrointestinal – dyspeptic symptoms – self‐assessed as at least 'moderate' · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether aspirin plus antipsychotics changes adverse events: gastrointestinal – dyspeptic symptoms –… compared with placebo plus antipsychotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Aspirin plus antipsychotics vs placebo/no adjunctive treatment + antipsychotics

Service use: change in hospital status – any change · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether aspirin plus antipsychotics changes service use: change in hospital status – any change compared with placebo plus antipsychotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review