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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

411 questions · 420 findings · 42 reviews

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No studies found 99 · 23.6%GRADE not reported 35 · 8.3%Very low 135 · 32.1%Low 114 · 27.1%Moderate 34 · 8.1%High 3 · 0.7%

Synbiotic vs placebo

Global improvement or treatment success, as defined by primary study · children with chronic constipation without a physical explanation

Synbiotics may leads to higher global improvement or treatment success, as defined by primary study compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotics and paraffin vs paraffin

Global assessment of treatment success · children with chronic constipation without a physical explanation

It is very uncertain whether synbiotics and paraffin changes global improvement or treatment success, as defined by primary studies compared with paraffin (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics vs placebo

Global improvement or treatment success, as defined by primary study · children with chronic constipation without a physical explanation

Probiotic may leads to higher global improvement/treatment success as defined by primary study compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Synbiotic vs paraffin

Global assessment of treatment success · children with chronic constipation without a physical explanation

It is very uncertain whether synbiotics changes global improvement or treatment success, as defined by primary studies compared with paraffin (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · children with chronic constipation without a physical explanation

Probiotic showed no clear difference in withdrawals due to adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review