Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,191 questions · 2,354 findings · 362 reviews

No studies found 323 · 13.7%GRADE not reported 382 · 16.2%Very low 555 · 23.6%Low 597 · 25.4%Moderate 345 · 14.7%High 152 · 6.5%

Methotrexate vs mycophenolate

Proportion of participants with confirmed macular edema (lower number of events is better) · NIIPPU

It is very uncertain whether methotrexate changes proportion of participants with confirmed macular edema (lower… compared with mycophenolate (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Methotrexate vs mycophenolate

Proportion of participants experiencing complications or requiring cessation of medication (lower number of events is better) · NIIPPU

Methotrexate showed no clear difference in proportion of participants experiencing complications or requiring… compared with mycophenolate (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Steroids with or without azathioprine vs cyclosporine A

Proportion of participants experiencing complications or requiring cessation of medication (lower number of events is better) · NIIPPU

It is very uncertain whether steroids with or without azathioprine changes proportion of participants experiencing complications or requiring… compared with cyclosporine A (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Steroids vs lubricants

Change in patient‐reported symptom scores (lower is favored) · people with dry eye

Steroids showed no clear difference in change in patient‐reported symptom scores (lower is favored) compared with lubricants (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Steroids vs cyclosporine A

Change in fluorescein corneal staining scores (lower is favored) · people with dry eye

Steroids showed no clear difference in change in fluorescein corneal staining scores (lower is favored) compared with cyclosporine A (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Steroids vs cyclosporine A

Change in tear osmolarity (mOsm/kg) (lower is favored) · people with dry eye

It is very uncertain whether steroids changes change in tear osmolarity (mOsm/kg) (lower is favored) compared with cyclosporine A (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Steroids vs lubricants

Change in fluorescein corneal staining scores (lower is favored) · people with dry eye

Steroids showed no clear difference in change in fluorescein corneal staining scores (lower is favored) compared with lubricants (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Steroids vs lubricants

Change in tear osmolarity (mOsm/kg) (lower is favored) · people with dry eye

It is very uncertain whether steroids changes change in tear osmolarity (mOsm/kg) (lower is favored) compared with lubricants (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Steroids vs cyclosporine A

Change in patient‐reported symptom scores (lower is favored) · people with dry eye

Steroids showed no clear difference in change in patient‐reported symptom scores (lower is favored) compared with cyclosporine A (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lacebacks with fixed appliances vs Fixed appliances

Size of the lower jaw (arch length) · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth

Lacebacks with fixed appliances showed no clear difference in size of the lower jaw (arch length) compared with fixed appliances only (control); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Schwarz appliance vs No active treatment (control)

Size of the lower jaw (arch length, change) · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth

Schwarz appliance showed no clear difference in size of the lower jaw (mandibular arch length, change) at 9 months compared with no active treatment (control); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Cervical pull headgear vs Minor interceptive procedures (control)

Amount of crowding (lower incisor crowding) at 10 weeks · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth

It is very uncertain whether cervical pull headgear changes amount of crowding (lower incisor crowding) at 2 years compared with minor interceptive procedures (control) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Schwarz appliance vs No active treatment (control)

Amount of crowding (change in mandibular crowding) at 8 weeks · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth

It is very uncertain whether schwarz appliance changes amount of crowding (lower arch crowding, change) at 9 months compared with no active treatment (control) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Self-ligating brackets vs Conventional brackets

Lower incisor inclination (lingual tipping and retrusion) · Children or adolescents (aged 16 years old or under) receiving orthodontic treatment to prevent or correct crowded teeth

Self-ligating brackets showed no clear difference in lower incisors to mandible (inclination, degrees) compared with conventional brackets; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review