Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

477 questions · 520 findings · 39 reviews · Back and Neck

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No studies found 91 · 17.5%GRADE not reported 14 · 2.7%Very low 137 · 26.3%Low 149 · 28.7%Moderate 104 · 20%High 25 · 4.8%

Spinal manipulative therapy vs other interventions

Recovery at one month · Patients with acute low‐back pain

Spinal manipulative therapy showed no clear difference in recovery at one month compared with other interventions (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.06 [0.94, 1.21]
2 studies · 117 participants
Low

Spinal manipulative therapy vs other interventions

Serious adverse events · Patients with acute low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 2 participants
GRADE not reported

Spinal manipulative therapy plus another intervention vs the intervention alone

Pain at 3 to 6 months Scale from: 0 (no pain) to 10 (worse pain) · Patients with acute low‐back pain

2 findings from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 102 participants
Low
Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 104 participants
Low

Spinal manipulative therapy plus another intervention vs the intervention alone

Functional status at one week Oswestry Disability Index. Scale from: 0 (no dysfunction) to 100 (worse function). · Patients with acute low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 225 participants
Low

Spinal manipulative therapy vs inert interventions

Pain VAS 0‐100 (higher means worse) · adults with chronic low‐back pain

2 findings from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 72 participants
Very low
Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 70 participants
Very low

Spinal manipulative therapy vs other interventions

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · adults with chronic low‐back pain

3 findings from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 1405 participants
High
Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 1074 participants
Moderate
Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 1285 participants
High

Spinal manipulative therapy vs other interventions

Functional ability · adults with chronic low‐back pain

2 findings from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 1402 participants
High
Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 1323 participants
Moderate

Spinal manipulative therapy vs other interventions

Disability (Roland‐Morris Disability Questionnaire) Scale from: 0 to 23; 0 is no disability. · adults with chronic low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 1418 participants
High

Spinal manipulative therapy vs other interventions

Recovery at one month · adults with chronic low‐back pain

Spinal manipulative therapy probably leads to higher recovery at 1 month compared with all other interventions (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.2 [1.04, 1.37]
3 studies · 370 participants
Moderate

Spinal manipulative therapy vs inert interventions

Recovery at one month · adults with chronic low‐back pain

It is very uncertain whether spinal manipulative therapy changes recovery at 1 month compared with inert interventions (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.03 [0.49, 2.19]
1 study · 72 participants
Very low
Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.96 [0.56, 1.65]
1 study · 70 participants
Very low

Summary of findings: Behavioural treatments vs waiting list control

Pain intensity VAS (0 to 100; 0 = no pain, 100 = worst pain) · adults with chronic low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 74 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Pain intensity various scales long‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 48 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Functional status (generic) Sickness Impact Profile (0‐136) short‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 61 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Functional status (generic) Sickness Impact Profile (0‐136) intermediate‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 47 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Functional status (generic) Sickness Impact Profile (0‐136) long‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 51 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Depression Beck Depression Inventory (0‐63) short‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 61 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Depression Beck Depression Inventory (0‐63) intermediate‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 47 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Depression Beck Depression Inventory (0‐63) long‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 51 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Functional status (generic) various scales short‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 77 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Functional status (generic) various scales intermediate‐term · adults with chronic low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Behavioural treatment for chronic low‐back pain 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 61 participants
Low