Function (overall) Various tools · adults (aged ≥ 16 years) with acute middle third clavicle fractures
Intramedullary fixation may leads to higher function or disability (overall) Various tools (Constant score and… compared with open reduction and internal fixation with plate (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pain ‐ using the section of Constant score Scale from 0 to 15; with 15 being the best positive score · adults (aged ≥ 16 years) with acute middle third clavicle fractures
It is very uncertain whether intramedullary fixation changes pain ‐ using the section of Constant score Scale from 0 to 15; with… compared with open reduction and internal fixation with plate (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Treatment failure (participants who have a non‐routine secondary surgical intervention) ‐ Overall treatment failure · adults (aged ≥ 16 years) with acute middle third clavicle fractures
It is very uncertain whether intramedullary fixation changes treatment failure (participants who have a non‐routine secondary… compared with open reduction and internal fixation with plate (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Clinical healing ‐ time to clinical/radiographic fracture consolidation (weeks) · adults (aged ≥ 16 years) with acute middle third clavicle fractures
It is very uncertain whether intramedullary fixation changes clinical healing ‐ time to clinical/radiographic fracture… compared with open reduction and internal fixation with plate (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events ‐ total of adverse events (various: mainly infection; cosmetic result ‐ e.g. prominent metalwork ‐ and symptomatic hardware) · adults (aged ≥ 16 years) with acute middle third clavicle fractures
It is very uncertain whether intramedullary fixation changes adverse events ‐ total of adverse events (various: mainly infection;… compared with open reduction and internal fixation with plate (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Quality of life ‐ not measured · adults (aged ≥ 16 years) with acute middle third clavicle fractures
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Return to previous activities ‐ not measured · adults (aged ≥ 16 years) with acute middle third clavicle fractures
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
Patient‐reported functional outcomes (pooled data) · individuals more than 18 years old with distal tibial metaphyseal fractures
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes patient‐reported functional outcomes (pooled data) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Need for a secondary/revision operation or substantive physiotherapy for adverse outcomes (e.g. non‐union, malunion or infection) · individuals more than 18 years old with distal tibial metaphyseal fractures
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes need for a secondary/revision operation or substantive physiotherapy… (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Symptomatic non‐union or malunion, including limping 1 year · individuals more than 18 years old with distal tibial metaphyseal fractures
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes symptomatic non‐union or malunion, including limping 1 year (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Pain (0 to 40: no pain) · individuals more than 18 years old with distal tibial metaphyseal fractures
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes pain (0 to 40: no pain) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Wound complications including superficial/deep wound infection and osteomyelitis 1 year · individuals more than 18 years old with distal tibial metaphyseal fractures
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes wound complications including superficial/deep wound infection and… (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Fracture union 1 year · individuals more than 18 years old with distal tibial metaphyseal fractures
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes fracture union 1 year (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Functional assessment using a patient reported outcome measure: · adults with olecranon fractures
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Good clinical outcome (little pain or loss of elbow motion: Helm criteria) · adults with olecranon fractures
It is very uncertain whether plate fixation changes good clinical outcome (little pain or loss of elbow motion: Helm… compared with tension band wiring (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pain · adults with olecranon fractures
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events ‐ overall · adults with olecranon fractures
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events ‐ symptomatic metal prominence · adults with olecranon fractures
It is very uncertain whether plate fixation changes adverse events ‐ symptomatic metal prominence compared with tension band wiring (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events ‐ delayed or non‐union · adults with olecranon fractures
It is very uncertain whether plate fixation changes adverse events ‐ delayed or non‐union compared with tension band wiring (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events ‐ heterotopic ossification (bone formation) · adults with olecranon fractures
It is very uncertain whether plate fixation changes adverse events ‐ heterotopic ossification (bone formation) compared with tension band wiring (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review