Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

900 questions · 932 findings · 149 reviews

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No studies found 215 · 23.1%GRADE not reported 65 · 7%Very low 234 · 25.1%Low 256 · 27.5%Moderate 134 · 14.4%High 28 · 3%

Systemic corticosteroids vs placebo

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · people with spinal stenosis

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic corticosteroids for radicular and non‐radicular low back pain 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 154 participants
Moderate

Systemic corticosteroids vs placebo

Function (continuous) RDQ‐18 (scale 0–18) · people with spinal stenosis

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic corticosteroids for radicular and non‐radicular low back pain 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 154 participants
Moderate

Systemic corticosteroids vs placebo

Function (continuous) SMD (scales varied) · people with radicular low back pain (not due to spinal stenosis)

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic corticosteroids for radicular and non‐radicular low back pain 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 364 participants
Low

Systemic corticosteroids vs placebo

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · people with non‐radicular low back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic corticosteroids for radicular and non‐radicular low back pain 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 86 participants
Low

General anaesthesia vs non‐general anaesthesia

Functional outcomes · acute ischaemic stroke endovascular treatment (long‐term)

2 findings from 1 review

Type of anaesthesia for acute ischaemic stroke endovascular treatment 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 90 participants
Very low
Type of anaesthesia for acute ischaemic stroke endovascular treatment 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 978 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Usual care compared with wait‐list/no‐treatment (Variety of continuous outcome) (Post‐treatment) · patients with mental health disorders

1 finding from 1 review

Control interventions in randomised trials among people with mental health disorders 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 523 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

All placebos compared with wait‐list or no‐treatment (Variety of continuous outcome) (Post‐treatment) · patients with mental health disorders

1 finding from 1 review

Control interventions in randomised trials among people with mental health disorders 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
65 studies · 2446 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Psychological placebos compared with wait‐list or no‐treatment (Variety of continuous outcome) (Post‐treatment) · patients with mental health disorders

1 finding from 1 review

Control interventions in randomised trials among people with mental health disorders 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
38 studies · 1263 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Pharmacological placebos compared with wait‐list or no‐treatment (Variety of continuous outcome) (Post‐treatment) · patients with mental health disorders

1 finding from 1 review

Control interventions in randomised trials among people with mental health disorders 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
9 studies · 279 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Physical placebos compared with wait‐list or no‐treatment (Variety of continuous outcome) (Post‐treatment) · patients with mental health disorders

1 finding from 1 review

Control interventions in randomised trials among people with mental health disorders 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
17 studies · 896 participants
Low

Single-visit root canal treatment vs Multiple-visit root canal treatment (two or more visits)

Postoperative pain intensity in the immediate postobturation period (up to 72 hours), continuous (VAS) · People aged 10 years or above requiring root canal treatment; permanent teeth with completely formed apex and without internal resorption

Single-visit root canal treatment showed no clear difference in postoperative pain intensity in the immediate postobturation period… compared with multiple-visit root canal treatment (two or more visits) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single versus multiple visits for endodontic treatment of permanent teeth 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
Up to 72 hours postobturation
MD 0.26 [-4.76, 5.29]
12 studies · 1258 participants
Low

Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy excluded) administered before and/or after tooth extraction vs placebo

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People undergoing tooth extraction (21 of 23 trials: healthy patients undergoing impacted third molar extraction; 1 routine intra-alveolar…

It is very uncertain whether systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (any regimen; topical therapy… changes pain (continuous, VAS 0-10 cm, 7th day) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics to prevent complications following tooth extractions 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
6th to 7th day
MD -0.26 [-0.59, 0.07]
4 studies · 422 participants
Very low