Minor adverse events assessed: related to intervention only (e.g. redness) · COPD
NMES showed no clear difference in minor adverse events assessed: related to intervention only (e.g.… compared with usual care (with or without sham NMES) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Peripheral muscle force · COPD
1 finding from 1 review
Exacerbations requiring steroids or antibiotics or both: number of participants · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol showed no clear difference in exacerbations requiring steroids or antibiotics or both: number of… compared with aclidinium alone (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Non‐fatal serious adverse events · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol showed no clear difference in non‐fatal serious adverse events compared with formoterol (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Hospital admissions due to exacerbations: number of participants · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol showed no clear difference in hospital admissions due to exacerbations: number of participants compared with formoterol (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Improvement in symptoms: number of participants with clinically significant improvement: using TDI focal score (≥ 1 unit) · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol leads to higher improvement in symptoms: number of participants with clinically… compared with formoterol (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Lung function · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events (not including serious adverse events): number of participants · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol leads to lower adverse events (not including serious adverse events): number of… compared with formoterol (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Quality of life: number of participants with clinically significant improvement (≥ 4 units) in SGRQ total score · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol showed no clear difference in quality of life: number of participants with clinically significant… compared with aclidinium alone (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Non‐fatal serious adverse events · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol showed no clear difference in non‐fatal serious adverse events compared with aclidinium alone (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Hospital admissions due to exacerbations: number of participants · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol showed no clear difference in hospital admissions due to exacerbations: number of participants compared with aclidinium alone (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Improvement in symptoms: number of participants with clinically significant improvement: using TDI focal score (≥ 1 unit) · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol leads to higher improvement in symptoms: number of participants with clinically… compared with aclidinium alone (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Lung function · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events (not including serious adverse events): number of participants · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol showed no clear difference in adverse events (not including serious adverse events): number of… compared with aclidinium alone (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Exacerbations requiring steroids or antibiotics or both: number of participants · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol leads to lower exacerbations requiring steroids or antibiotics or both: number of… compared with formoterol (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Quality of life: number of participants with clinically significant improvement (≥ 4 units) in SGRQ total score · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol showed no clear difference in quality of life: number of participants with clinically significant… compared with formoterol (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Change in depressive symptoms · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with depression
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events (disease‐related: all physical symptoms); · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with depression
1 finding from 1 review
Change in quality of life · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with depression
1 finding from 1 review
Change in dyspnoea score · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with depression
1 finding from 1 review