Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,760 questions · 8,065 findings · 1,036 reviews

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No studies found 1,686 · 20.9%GRADE not reported 675 · 8.4%Very low 1,953 · 24.2%Low 2,048 · 25.4%Moderate 1,296 · 16.1%High 407 · 5%

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Digital register vs usual care

Proportion of children who received the vaccine under study (BCG) · children under 5 years of age

Digital register showed no clear difference in proportion of children who received the vaccine under study (BCG) compared with routine care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.98 [0.92, 1.04]
1 study · 205 participants
Low

Digital register vs usual care

Proportion of children who received the vaccine under study (OPV3) · children under 5 years of age

Digital register showed no clear difference in proportion of children who received the vaccine under study (OPV3) compared with routine care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.06 [0.97, 1.17]
1 study · 205 participants
Low

Digital register vs usual care

Proportion of children who received the vaccine under study (measles) · children under 5 years of age

Digital register showed no clear difference in proportion of children who received the vaccine under study (measles) compared with routine care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.06 [0.97, 1.17]
1 study · 205 participants
Low

Digital register vs usual care

Proportion of children who received the vaccine under study (HBV3) · children under 5 years of age

Digital register showed no clear difference in proportion of children who received the vaccine under study (HBV3) compared with routine care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.98 [0.89, 1.07]
1 study · 205 participants
Low

Digital register vs usual care

Proportion of children under 5 years of age fully immunised with all scheduled vaccines · children under 5 years of age

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Digital register vs usual care

Occurrence of vaccine‐preventable diseases · children under 5 years of age

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Health education vs usual care

Proportion of children who received the vaccine under study (OPV3) · children under 5 years of age

Health education may leads to higher proportion of children who received the vaccine under study (OPV3) compared with routine care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.08 [1.04, 1.11]
1 study · 851 participants
Low

Digital register vs usual care

Cost of the intervention · children under 5 years of age

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Digital register vs usual care

Adverse events · children under 5 years of age

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Phone call/SMS with/without combination with monetary incentives vs usual care

Proportion of children who received DTP3 or Penta 3 by 1 year of age · children under 5 years of age

Phone call/SMS with/without combination with monetary incentives showed no clear difference in proportion of children who received DTP3 or Penta 3 by 1 year of age… compared with routine care (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.12 [1, 1.25]
6 studies · 3869 participants
Low
Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.01 [0.98, 1.03]
1 study · 766 participants
Low

Phone call/SMS with/without combination with monetary incentives vs usual care

Proportion of children who received all recommended vaccines by 2 years of age (phone call/SMS only) · children under 5 years of age

Phone call/SMS with/without combination with monetary incentives showed no clear difference in proportion of children who received all recommended vaccines by 2… compared with routine care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.06 [0.99, 1.12]
5 studies · 10414 participants
Low

Phone call/SMS with/without combination with monetary incentives vs usual care

Proportion of children who received all recommended vaccines by 2 years of age · children under 5 years of age

Phone call/SMS with/without combination with monetary incentives may leads to higher proportion of children who received all recommended vaccines by 2… compared with routine care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.09 [1.02, 1.16]
1 study · 766 participants
Low

Phone call/SMS with/without combination with monetary incentives vs usual care

Proportion of children who received the vaccine under study ‐ BCG (phone call/SMS only) · children under 5 years of age

Phone call/SMS with/without combination with monetary incentives showed no clear difference in proportion of children who received the vaccine under study ‐ BCG… compared with routine care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.98 [0.82, 1.18]
1 study · 748 participants
Low

Phone call/SMS with/without combination with monetary incentives vs usual care

Proportion of children who received the vaccine under study ‐ BCG (SMS + monetary incentive) · children under 5 years of age

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.84, 1.2]
1 study · 766 participants
Low

Phone call/SMS with/without combination with monetary incentives vs usual care

Proportion of children who received the vaccine under study ‐ OPV3 (phone call/SMS only) · children under 5 years of age

Phone call/SMS with/without combination with monetary incentives showed no clear difference in proportion of children who received the vaccine under study ‐ OPV3… compared with routine care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.99 [0.94, 1.05]
2 studies · 1069 participants
Moderate

Phone call/SMS with/without combination with monetary incentives vs usual care

Proportion of children who received the vaccine under study ‐ OPV3 (phone call/SMS + monetary incentive) · children under 5 years of age

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.01 [0.99, 1.04]
1 study · 766 participants
Low

Health education vs usual care

Proportion of children who received the vaccine under study (HBV3) · children under 5 years of age

Health education may leads to higher proportion of children who received the vaccine under study (HBV3) compared with routine care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.07 [1.03, 1.1]
1 study · 851 participants
Low

Phone call/SMS with/without combination with monetary incentives vs usual care

Proportion of children who received the vaccine under study ‐ measles/MMR (phone call/SMS + monetary incentive) · children under 5 years of age

Phone call/SMS with/without combination with monetary incentives may leads to higher proportion of children who received the vaccine under study ‐… compared with routine care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.07 [1.01, 1.14]
1 study · 766 participants
Low

Phone call/SMS with/without combination with monetary incentives vs usual care

Occurrence of vaccine‐preventable diseases · children under 5 years of age

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Phone call/SMS with/without combination with monetary incentives vs usual care

Cost of the intervention · children under 5 years of age

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low‐ and middle‐income countries 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found