Search review questions

Any breastfeeding at 6 weeks postpartum · women who have given birth vaginally, requiring analgesia for after‐birth pains.

Adequate pain relief as reported by the woman (during next breast feed) · women who have given birth vaginally, requiring analgesia for after‐birth pains.

Need for additional pain relief · women who have given birth vaginally, requiring analgesia for after‐birth pains.

Maternal adverse events · women who have given birth vaginally, requiring analgesia for after‐birth pains.

Neonatal adverse events · women who have given birth vaginally, requiring analgesia for after‐birth pains.

Duration of hospital stay · women who have given birth vaginally, requiring analgesia for after‐birth pains.

Any breastfeeding at hospital discharge · women who have given birth vaginally, requiring analgesia for after‐birth pains.

Any breastfeeding at 6 weeks postpartum · women who have given birth vaginally, requiring analgesia for after‐birth pains.

Duration of hospital stay · women who have given birth vaginally, requiring analgesia for after‐birth pains.

Any breastfeeding at hospital discharge · women who have given birth vaginally, requiring analgesia for after‐birth pains.

Any breastfeeding at 6 weeks postpartum · women who have given birth vaginally, requiring analgesia for after‐birth pains.

Adequate pain relief as reported by the woman (5 to 8 hours) · women who have given birth vaginally, requiring analgesia for after‐birth pains.

Need for additional pain relief (6 to 8 hours) · women who have given birth vaginally, requiring analgesia for after‐birth pains.

Perinatal death (intrauterine deaths plus neonatal deaths in the first week of life) · pregnant women at or beyond 37 weeks gestation

Perineal trauma (severe perineal tear) · pregnant women at or beyond 37 weeks gestation

Postpartum haemorrhage · pregnant women at or beyond 37 weeks gestation

Breastfeeding at discharge · pregnant women at or beyond 37 weeks gestation

Postnatal depression · pregnant women at or beyond 37 weeks gestation

Length of maternal hospital stay (days) · pregnant women at or beyond 37 weeks gestation

Stillbirth · pregnant women at or beyond 37 weeks gestation

Admission to neonatal intensive care unit · pregnant women at or beyond 37 weeks gestation

Neonatal encephalopathy · pregnant women at or beyond 37 weeks gestation

Apgar score less than 7 at 5 minutes · pregnant women at or beyond 37 weeks gestation

Neonatal (birth) trauma · pregnant women at or beyond 37 weeks gestation

Neurodevelopment at childhood · pregnant women at or beyond 37 weeks gestation

Caesarean section · pregnant women at or beyond 37 weeks gestation

Operative vaginal birth (forceps or ventouse) · pregnant women at or beyond 37 weeks gestation

Perineal pain within 4 ‐ 6 hours of giving birth · Women with perineal trauma (tear or episiotomy, or both) sustained during childbirth

Adverse effects on perineal wound healing: Day 5 ‐ Wound not healing · Women with perineal trauma (tear or episiotomy, or both) sustained during childbirth

Adverse effects on perineal wound healing: Day 5 ‐ Wound edges gaping · Women with perineal trauma (tear or episiotomy, or both) sustained during childbirth

Maternal views and experiences of treatment ‐ Satisfaction with overall perineal care (good + very good + excellent) Day 10 · Women with perineal trauma (tear or episiotomy, or both) sustained during childbirth

Maternal views and experiences of treatment ‐ Psychospiritual comfort within 6 hours of giving birth · Women with perineal trauma (tear or episiotomy, or both) sustained during childbirth

Maternal views and experiences of treatment ‐ Sociocultural comfort · Women with perineal trauma (tear or episiotomy, or both) sustained during childbirth

Perineal pain within 4 ‐ 6 hours of giving birth · Women with perineal trauma (tear or episiotomy, or both) sustained during childbirth

Perineal pain within 24 ‐ 48 hours after giving birth · Women with perineal trauma (tear or episiotomy, or both) sustained during childbirth

Perineal oedema 24 ‐ 48 hours after giving birth · Women with perineal trauma (tear or episiotomy, or both) sustained during childbirth

Perineal bruising 24 ‐ 48 hours after giving birth · Women with perineal trauma (tear or episiotomy, or both) sustained during childbirth

Adverse effects · Women with perineal trauma (tear or episiotomy, or both) sustained during childbirth

Perineal pain within 24 hours of giving birth ‐ Moderate + severe pain · Women with perineal trauma (tear or episiotomy, or both) sustained during childbirth

Satisfaction with perineal care · Women with perineal trauma (tear or episiotomy, or both) sustained during childbirth

Perineal pain within 24 hours after giving birth · Women with perineal trauma (tear or episiotomy, or both) sustained during childbirth

Perineal oedema within 4 ‐ 6 hours after giving birth · Women with perineal trauma (tear or episiotomy, or both) sustained during childbirth

Perineal oedema within 24 hours after giving birth · Women with perineal trauma (tear or episiotomy, or both) sustained during childbirth

Adverse effects on perineal healing · Women with perineal trauma (tear or episiotomy, or both) sustained during childbirth

Maternal views and experiences with treatment ‐ Satisfied with treatment · Women with perineal trauma (tear or episiotomy, or both) sustained during childbirth

Maternal views and experiences with treatment ‐ Would repeat treatment in future childbirth · Women with perineal trauma (tear or episiotomy, or both) sustained during childbirth

Maternal views and experiences with treatment ‐ Would recommend treatment · Women with perineal trauma (tear or episiotomy, or both) sustained during childbirth

Perineal pain within 4 ‐ 6 hours of giving birth ‐ Moderate + severe pain · Women with perineal trauma (tear or episiotomy, or both) sustained during childbirth

Perineal pain within 24 hours of giving birth ‐ Moderate + severe pain · Women with perineal trauma (tear or episiotomy, or both) sustained during childbirth

Perineal pain within 24 hours of giving birth · Women with perineal trauma (tear or episiotomy, or both) sustained during childbirth