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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,050 questions in 42 reviews · Incontinence
current versionsNo studies 391 · 37.2%Ungraded 82 · 7.8%Very low 199 · 19%Low 206 · 19.6%Moderate 150 · 14.3%High 22 · 2.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Prevention of UI after radical: PFMT ± biofeedback vs no treatment Number of incontinent men ‐ after 12 months · All men after radical prostatectomy Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.32 [0.2, 0.51] | 2 studies · 373 participants | Moderate |
Prevention of UI after radical: PFMT ± biofeedback vs no treatment Quality of life score assessed using (ICI‐SF UI score) ‐ within 6 to 12 months · All men after radical prostatectomy Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 105 participants | Very low |
Treatment of UI after radical: PFMT ± biofeedback vs no treatment; Urinary Incontinence Score (ICI‐SF) ‐ after first year · patients with postprostatectomy urinary incontinence Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 391 participants | Low |
Prevention of UI after radical: PFMT ± biofeedback vs no treatment Adverse events ‐ not reported · All men after radical prostatectomy Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prevention of UI after radical: PFMT ± biofeedback vs no treatment Economic analysis using QALY ‐ not reported · All men after radical prostatectomy Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prevention of UI after radical: electric or magnetic energy vs no treatment Number of incontinent men after 12 months ‐ not reported · All men after radical prostatectomy Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prevention of UI after radical: electric or magnetic energy vs no treatment Quality of life score assessed using (ICIQ‐SF score) ‐ within 6 to 12 months · All men after radical prostatectomy Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 32 participants | Very low |
Prevention of UI after radical: electric or magnetic energy vs no treatment Adverse events ‐ not reported · All men after radical prostatectomy Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prevention of UI after radical: electric or magnetic energy vs no treatment Economic analysis using QALY ‐ not reported · All men after radical prostatectomy Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prevention of UI after radical: combinations of treatments vs no treatment Number of incontinent men within 6 to 12 months ‐ PFMT + anal EStim + biofeedback versus no treatment · All men after radical prostatectomy Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Low |
Prevention of UI after radical: combinations of treatments vs no treatment Quality of life Score assessed using (ICIQ‐SF) or (ICIQ‐ SF UI score) ‐ not reported · All men after radical prostatectomy Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prevention of UI after radical: combinations of treatments vs no treatment Adverse events ‐ not reported · All men after radical prostatectomy Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prevention of UI after radical: combinations of treatments vs no treatment Economic analysis using QALY ‐ not reported · All men after radical prostatectomy Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Treatment of UI after radical: PFMT ± biofeedback vs no treatment; Adverse events · patients with postprostatectomy urinary incontinence Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 138 participants | High |
Prevention of UI after radical: one active treatment vs another active treatment (PFMT pre and post‐operation versus PFMT post‐operation) Number of incontinent men after 12 months · All men after radical prostatectomy Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 367 participants | Moderate |
Prevention of UI after radical: one active treatment vs another active treatment (PFMT pre and post‐operation versus PFMT post‐operation) Quality of Life Score assessed using (ICIQ‐SF) or (ICIQ‐SF UI score) after 12 months ‐ not reported · All men after radical prostatectomy Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prevention of UI after radical: one active treatment vs another active treatment (PFMT pre and post‐operation versus PFMT post‐operation) Adverse events · All men after radical prostatectomy Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 102 participants | High |
Prevention of UI after radical: one active treatment vs another active treatment (PFMT pre and post‐operation versus PFMT post‐operation) Economic Analysis using QALY ‐ not reported · All men after radical prostatectomy Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prevention of UI after radical: one active treatment vs another active treatment (PFMT + penile vibration pre and post‐operation versus PFMT pre and post‐operation) Number of incontinent men after 12 months · All men after radical prostatectomy Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.4 [0.25, 7.77] | 1 study · 58 participants | Low |
Prevention of UI after radical: one active treatment vs another active treatment (PFMT + penile vibration pre and post‐operation versus PFMT pre and post‐operation) Quality of life Score assessed using (ICIQ‐SF) or (ICIQ‐SF UI score) · All men after radical prostatectomy Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Prevention of UI after radical: one active treatment vs another active treatment (PFMT + penile vibration pre and post‐operation versus PFMT pre and post‐operation) Adverse events · All men after radical prostatectomy Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 68 participants | Low |
Prevention of UI after radical: one active treatment vs another active treatment (PFMT + penile vibration pre and post‐operation versus PFMT pre and post‐operation) Economic analysis using QALY ‐ not reported · All men after radical prostatectomy Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prevention of UI after radical: one active treatment vs another active treatment (pre‐operative PFMT + electrical stimulation versus pre‐operative PFMT) Number of incontinent men after 12 months ‐ not reported · All men after radical prostatectomy Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prevention of UI after radical: one active treatment vs another active treatment (pre‐operative PFMT + electrical stimulation versus pre‐operative PFMT) Quality of Life Score assessed using (ICIQ‐SF) within 6 to 12 months · All men after radical prostatectomy Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 34 participants | Very low |
Treatment of UI after radical: PFMT ± biofeedback vs no treatment; Economic analysis using QALY ‐ not reported · patients with postprostatectomy urinary incontinence Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prevention of UI after radical: one active treatment vs another active treatment (pre‐operative PFMT + electrical stimulation versus pre‐operative PFMT) Adverse events ‐ not reported · All men after radical prostatectomy Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prevention of UI after radical: one active treatment vs another active treatment (pre‐operative PFMT + electrical stimulation versus pre‐operative PFMT) Economic analysis using QALY ‐ not reported · All men after radical prostatectomy Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Treatment of UI after TURP: PFMT ± biofeedback vs no treatment Number of incontinent men‐ after 12 months · Men with UI after TURP Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1609 participants | Moderate |
Treatment of UI after TURP: PFMT ± biofeedback vs no treatment Quality of life Score assessed using Score (ICIQ‐SF UI score) ‐ after 12 months · Men with UI after TURP Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 397 participants | Low |
Treatment of UI after TURP: PFMT ± biofeedback vs no treatment Adverse events ‐ not reported · Men with UI after TURP Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Treatment of UI after TURP: PFMT ± biofeedback vs no treatment Economic analysis using QALY ‐ not reported · Men with UI after TURP Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prevention of UI after TURP: pre or post‐operative PFMT ± biofeedback vs no treatment Number of incontinent men ‐ within 3 to 6 months · All men after TURP Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.51 [0.14, 1.89] | 1 study · 48 participants | Very low |
Prevention of UI after TURP: pre or post‐operative PFMT ± biofeedback vs no treatment Urinary Incontinence Score assessed using (ICIQ‐SF) or (ICIQ‐SF UI score) at 12 months ‐ not reported · All men after TURP Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prevention of UI after TURP: pre or post‐operative PFMT ± biofeedback vs no treatment Adverse events ‐ not reported · All men after TURP Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prevention of UI after TURP: pre or post‐operative PFMT ± biofeedback vs no treatment Economic analysis using QALY ‐ not reported · All men after TURP Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Treatment of UI after radical: electric or magnetic energy vs no treatment Number of incontinent men ‐ after 12 months · Patients with postprostatectomy UI Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.26 [0.09, 0.74] | 3 studies · 413 participants | Moderate |
Treatment of UI after radical: electric or magnetic energy vs no treatment Urinary Incontinence Score (ICIQ‐SF UI score) ‐ after 12 months · Patients with postprostatectomy UI Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 47 participants | Low |
Treatment of UI after radical: electric or magnetic energy vs no treatment Urinary Incontinence Quality of Life Score (ICIQ‐SF) ‐ after 12 months · Patients with postprostatectomy UI Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 47 participants | Low |
Treatment of UI after radical: electric or magnetic energy vs no treatment Adverse events · Patients with postprostatectomy UI Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.58 [0.11, 2.9] | 1 study · 56 participants | Low |
Treatment of UI after radical: electric or magnetic energy vs no treatment Economic analysis using QALY ‐ not reported · Patients with postprostatectomy UI Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Weight loss vs control Cure rates by patient observation (all UI types) ‐ not reported · adults with urinary incontinence Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of urinary incontinence in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Soy‐rich diet vs control Condition‐specific quality of life ‐ not reported · adults with urinary incontinence Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of urinary incontinence in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Soy‐rich diet vs control Adverse effects ‐ not reported · adults with urinary incontinence Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of urinary incontinence in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Soy‐rich diet vs control Cure rates by symptom quantification (all UI types) ‐ not reported · adults with urinary incontinence Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of urinary incontinence in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Soy‐rich diet vs control Improvement rates by symptom quantification (all UI types) ‐ not reported · adults with urinary incontinence Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of urinary incontinence in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Soy‐rich diet vs control Incontinent episodes per week (all UI types) ‐ not reported · adults with urinary incontinence Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of urinary incontinence in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Decreasing fluids vs increasing fluids Cure rates by patient observation (all UI types) ‐ not reported · adults with urinary incontinence Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of urinary incontinence in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Decreasing fluids vs increasing fluids Improvement rates by patient observation (all UI types) ‐ not reported · adults with urinary incontinence Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of urinary incontinence in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Decreasing fluids vs increasing fluids Condition‐specific quality of life · adults with urinary incontinence Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of urinary incontinence in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 69 participants | Very low |
Decreasing fluids vs increasing fluids Adverse effects · adults with urinary incontinence Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of urinary incontinence in adults (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 93 participants | Very low |