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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,112 questions in 171 reviews · Eyes and Vision
current versionsNo studies 587 · 27.8%Ungraded 95 · 4.5%Very low 446 · 21.1%Low 557 · 26.4%Moderate 361 · 17.1%High 66 · 3.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Radiotherapy combined with anti‐VEGF vs anti‐VEGF alone Contrast sensitivity (log contrast threshold) Measured using a Pelli‐Robson chart. Higher scores represent better contrast sensitivity. · people with neovascular AMD Radiotherapy for neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Radiotherapy combined with anti‐VEGF vs anti‐VEGF alone New vessel growth Measured using fluorescein angiography or fundus photographs · people with neovascular AMD Radiotherapy for neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Radiotherapy combined with anti‐VEGF vs anti‐VEGF alone Quality of life · people with neovascular AMD Radiotherapy for neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Radiotherapy combined with anti‐VEGF vs anti‐VEGF alone Any adverse outcome · people with neovascular AMD Radiotherapy for neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Radiotherapy combined with anti‐VEGF vs anti‐VEGF alone Number of anti‐VEGF injections · people with neovascular AMD Radiotherapy for neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Moderate |
Radiotherapy vs control Change in best corrected visual acuity (logMAR units) Measured using a logMAR chart. Lower scores represent better visual acuity · people with neovascular AMD Radiotherapy for neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Radiotherapy vs control Contrast sensitivity (log contrast threshold) Measured using a Pelli‐Robson chart. Higher scores represent better contrast sensitivity. · people with neovascular AMD Radiotherapy for neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Radiotherapy vs control New vessel growth Measured using fluorescein angiography or fundus photographs · people with neovascular AMD Radiotherapy for neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Very low |
Radiotherapy vs control Quality of life · people with neovascular AMD Radiotherapy for neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Radiotherapy vs control Any adverse outcome · people with neovascular AMD Radiotherapy for neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Radiotherapy vs control Number of anti‐VEGF injections · people with neovascular AMD Radiotherapy for neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Radiotherapy combined with anti‐VEGF vs anti‐VEGF alone Loss of 3 or more lines of best‐corrected visual acuity Measured using a logMAR chart · people with neovascular AMD Radiotherapy for neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (2020) · Cochrane | RR 2.11 [1.4, 3.17] | NR | Moderate |
Radiotherapy combined with anti‐VEGF vs anti‐VEGF alone Change in best corrected visual acuity (logMAR units) Measured using a logMAR chart. Lower scores represent better visual acuity · people with neovascular AMD Radiotherapy for neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (2020) · Cochrane | mean difference 0.1 | NR | Low |
Intervention NR Undercorrected vs fully corrected spectacles · children with myopia (nearsightedness) Interventions to slow progression of myopia in children (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 142 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Systemic 7‐methylxanthine vs placebo · children with myopia (nearsightedness) Interventions to slow progression of myopia in children (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 77 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Timolol drops vs no drops · children with myopia (nearsightedness) Interventions to slow progression of myopia in children (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 95 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Atropine plus multifocal spectacles vs placebo plus SVLs · children with myopia (nearsightedness) Interventions to slow progression of myopia in children (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 191 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Atropine plus bifocal spectacles vs cyclopentolate plus SVLs · children with myopia (nearsightedness) Interventions to slow progression of myopia in children (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 64 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Bifocal spectacles vs SVLs with timolol drops · children with myopia (nearsightedness) Interventions to slow progression of myopia in children (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 97 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Tropicamide plus bifocal spectacles vs SVLs · children with myopia (nearsightedness) Interventions to slow progression of myopia in children (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 50 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Comparison (intervention vs comparator) · children with myopia (nearsightedness) Interventions to slow progression of myopia in children (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Adverse effects · children with myopia (nearsightedness) Interventions to slow progression of myopia in children (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Multifocal vs single vision lens spectacles · children with myopia (nearsightedness) Interventions to slow progression of myopia in children (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 1463 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Peripheral plus spectacles vs single vision lens spectacles · children with myopia (nearsightedness) Interventions to slow progression of myopia in children (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 597 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Bifocal vs single vision soft contact lenses · children with myopia (nearsightedness) Interventions to slow progression of myopia in children (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 300 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Rigid gas permeable contact lenses vs spectacles or soft contact lenses · children with myopia (nearsightedness) Interventions to slow progression of myopia in children (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 420 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Orthokeratology contact lenses vs single vision lenses · children with myopia (nearsightedness) Interventions to slow progression of myopia in children (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Spherical aberration soft contact lenses vs single vision soft contact lenses · children with myopia (nearsightedness) Interventions to slow progression of myopia in children (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 209 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Antimuscarinic agents vs placebo · children with myopia (nearsightedness) Interventions to slow progression of myopia in children (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 629 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Atropine vs tropicamide · children with myopia (nearsightedness) Interventions to slow progression of myopia in children (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 196 participants | Low |
Intravitreal dexamethasone implant 0.7 mg vs sham Change in visual acuity (logMAR) ‐ 12 months (negative is better) · macular edema in diabetes Intravitreal steroids for macular edema in diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 701 participants | Moderate |
Intravitreal dexamethasone implant 0.7 mg vs intravitreal antiVEGF Cataract progression ‐ 12 to 24 months · macular edema in diabetes Intravitreal steroids for macular edema in diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | RR 4.23 [2.36, 7.59] | NR | Moderate |
Intravitreal dexamethasone implant 0.7 mg vs intravitreal antiVEGF Use of IOP‐lowering medications ‐ 24 months · macular edema in diabetes Intravitreal steroids for macular edema in diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | RR 4.76 [2.84, 7.99] | NR | Moderate |
Intravitreal dexamethasone implant 0.7 mg vs intravitreal antiVEGF Surgery for glaucoma ‐ 24 months · macular edema in diabetes Intravitreal steroids for macular edema in diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | RR 3.02 [0.12, 73.56] | NR | Very low |
Intravitreal fluocinolone acetonide implant 0.19 mg vs sham Change in visual acuity (logMAR) ‐ 12 months (negative is better) · macular edema in diabetes Intravitreal steroids for macular edema in diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 560 participants | Moderate |
Intravitreal fluocinolone acetonide implant 0.19 mg vs sham Gain of three or more lines visual acuity ‐ 12 months · macular edema in diabetes Intravitreal steroids for macular edema in diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.79 [1.16, 2.78] | 1 study · 560 participants | Moderate |
Intravitreal fluocinolone acetonide implant 0.19 mg vs sham Change in retinal thickness (micron) ‐ 12 months (negative is better) · macular edema in diabetes Intravitreal steroids for macular edema in diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 560 participants | Moderate |
Intravitreal fluocinolone acetonide implant 0.19 mg vs sham Cataract progression ‐ 24 months · macular edema in diabetes Intravitreal steroids for macular edema in diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.63 [1.35, 1.97] | 1 study · 355 participants | Moderate |
Intravitreal fluocinolone acetonide implant 0.19 mg vs sham Use of IOP‐lowering medications ‐ 24 months · macular edema in diabetes Intravitreal steroids for macular edema in diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | RR 2.72 [1.87, 3.98] | 1 study · 558 participants | Moderate |
Intravitreal fluocinolone acetonide implant 0.19 mg vs sham Surgery for glaucoma ‐ 24 months · macular edema in diabetes Intravitreal steroids for macular edema in diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | RR 9.54 [1.28, 70.93] | 1 study · 558 participants | Low |
Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection 4 mg vs sham Change in visual acuity (logMAR) ‐ 24 months** (negative is better) · macular edema in diabetes Intravitreal steroids for macular edema in diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Intravitreal dexamethasone implant 0.7 mg vs sham Gain of three or more lines visual acuity ‐ 12 months · macular edema in diabetes Intravitreal steroids for macular edema in diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.39 [0.91, 2.12] | 1 study · 701 participants | Moderate |
Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection 4 mg vs sham Gain of three or more lines visual acuity ‐ 24 months** · macular edema in diabetes Intravitreal steroids for macular edema in diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | RR 4.12 [0.48, 34.99] | NR | Very low |
Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection 4 mg vs sham Change in retinal thickness (micron) ‐ 24 months** (negative is better) · macular edema in diabetes Intravitreal steroids for macular edema in diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection 4 mg vs sham Cataract progression ‐ 24 months · macular edema in diabetes Intravitreal steroids for macular edema in diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | RR 3 [0.97, 9.3] | NR | Low |
Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection 4 mg vs sham Use of IOP‐lowering medications ‐ 24 months · macular edema in diabetes Intravitreal steroids for macular edema in diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | RR 21.6 [1.32, 354.7] | NR | Very low |
Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection 4 mg vs sham Surgery for glaucoma ‐ 24 months · macular edema in diabetes Intravitreal steroids for macular edema in diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection 4 mg vs macular laser Change in visual acuity (logMAR) ‐ 12 months (negative is better) · macular edema in diabetes Intravitreal steroids for macular edema in diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | MD 0.02 | NR | Very low |
Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection 4 mg vs macular laser Gain of three or more lines visual acuity ‐ 12 months · macular edema in diabetes Intravitreal steroids for macular edema in diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.85 [0.55, 1.3] | NR | Low |
Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection 4 mg vs macular laser Change in retinal thickness (micron) (negative is better) · macular edema in diabetes Intravitreal steroids for macular edema in diabetes (2020) · Cochrane | MD 5 | NR | Very low |