Gap finder

Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

Population

Intervention or exposure

Comparison

Outcome

Any field or review title

Field or topic

Source

Review versions

2,325 questions in 216 reviews · Airways

current versions

No studies 249 · 10.7%Ungraded 107 · 4.6%Very low 276 · 11.9%Low 751 · 32.3%Moderate 718 · 30.9%High 224 · 9.6%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

Question	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Benralizumab 10 mg vs placebo Serious adverse events · individuals with COPD Anti‐IL‐5 therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020) · Cochrane	Odds ratio 0.9 [0.69, 1.17]	1 study · 1129 participants	Moderate
Benralizumab 10 mg vs placebo Heath‐related quality of life, change in SGRQ total score Scale: 0 to 100 (lower is better) Eosinophils ≥ 220/μL · individuals with COPD Anti‐IL‐5 therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 680 participants	Moderate
Benralizumab 10 mg vs placebo Lung function (FEV₁) Eosinophils ≥ 220/μL · individuals with COPD Anti‐IL‐5 therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 669 participants	Moderate
Benralizumab 30 mg vs placebo Rate of moderate or severe exacerbations Eosinophils ≥ 220/μL · individuals with COPD Anti‐IL‐5 therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020) · Cochrane	Rate ratio 1 [0.89, 1.13]	2 studies · 1523 participants	Moderate
Benralizumab 30 mg vs placebo Rate of moderate or severe exacerbations Eosinophils < 220/μL · individuals with COPD Anti‐IL‐5 therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020) · Cochrane	Rate ratio 1.07 [0.91, 1.27]	2 studies · 711 participants	Moderate
Benralizumab 30 mg vs placebo Rate of severe exacerbations requiring hospitalisation Eosinophils ≥ 220/μL · individuals with COPD Anti‐IL‐5 therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020) · Cochrane	Rate ratio 0.96 [0.75, 1.22]	2 studies · 1523 participants	Moderate
Benralizumab 30 mg vs placebo Serious adverse events · individuals with COPD Anti‐IL‐5 therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020) · Cochrane	Odds ratio 0.98 [0.81, 1.17]	2 studies · 2235 participants	Moderate
Mepolizumab 100 mg vs placebo Time to first moderate or severe exacerbation Eosinophilic phenotype · individuals with COPD Anti‐IL‐5 therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020) · Cochrane	Hazard ratio 0.78 [0.66, 0.92]	2 studies · 981 participants	High
Benralizumab 30 mg vs placebo Heath‐related quality of life, change in SGRQ total score Scale: 0 to 100 (lower is better) Eosinophils ≥ 220/μL · individuals with COPD Anti‐IL‐5 therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 1333 participants	Moderate
Benralizumab 30 mg vs placebo Lung function (FEV₁) Eosinophils ≥ 220/μL · individuals with COPD Anti‐IL‐5 therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 1312 participants	Moderate
Benralizumab 100 mg vs placebo Rate of moderate or severe exacerbations · individuals with COPD Anti‐IL‐5 therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020) · Cochrane	Rate ratio 0.94 [0.85, 1.03]	3 studies · 2314 participants	Moderate
Benralizumab 100 mg vs placebo Rate of moderate or severe exacerbations Eosinophils ≥ 220/μL · individuals with COPD Anti‐IL‐5 therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020) · Cochrane	Rate ratio 0.88 [0.78, 1]	2 studies · 1512 participants	Moderate
Benralizumab 100 mg vs placebo Rate of moderate or severe exacerbations Eosinophils < 220/μL · individuals with COPD Anti‐IL‐5 therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020) · Cochrane	Rate ratio 1.02 [0.87, 1.2]	2 studies · 720 participants	Moderate
Benralizumab 100 mg vs placebo Rate of severe exacerbations requiring hospitalisation Eosinophils ≥ 220/μL · individuals with COPD Anti‐IL‐5 therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020) · Cochrane	Rate ratio 0.63 [0.49, 0.81]	2 studies · 1512 participants	High
Benralizumab 100 mg vs placebo Serious adverse events · individuals with COPD Anti‐IL‐5 therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020) · Cochrane	Odds ratio 0.9 [0.75, 1.08]	3 studies · 2333 participants	Moderate
Benralizumab 100 mg vs placebo Heath‐related quality of life, change in SGRQ total score Scale: 0 to 100 (lower is better) · individuals with COPD Anti‐IL‐5 therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 1433 participants	High
Benralizumab 100 mg vs placebo Heath‐related quality of life, change in SGRQ total score Scale: 0 to 100 (lower is better) Eosinophils ≥ 220/μL · individuals with COPD Anti‐IL‐5 therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 1351 participants	High
Benralizumab 100 mg vs placebo Lung function (FEV₁) · individuals with COPD Anti‐IL‐5 therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	3 studies · 1425 participants	High
Mepolizumab 100 mg vs placebo Time to first moderate or severe exacerbation All participants · individuals with COPD Anti‐IL‐5 therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020) · Cochrane	Hazard ratio 0.87 [0.75, 1]	2 studies · 1285 participants	Moderate
Benralizumab 100 mg vs placebo Lung function (FEV₁) Eosinophils ≥ 220/μL · individuals with COPD Anti‐IL‐5 therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 1334 participants	Moderate
Mepolizumab 100 mg vs placebo Rate of exacerbations with ED visit or hospitalisations Eosinophilic phenotype · individuals with COPD Anti‐IL‐5 therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020) · Cochrane	Rate ratio 0.9 [0.65, 1.24]	2 studies · 911 participants	Moderate
Mepolizumab 100 mg vs placebo Rate of exacerbations with ED visit or hospitalisations All participants · individuals with COPD Anti‐IL‐5 therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020) · Cochrane	Rate ratio 0.94 [0.72, 1.22]	2 studies · 1285 participants	Moderate
Mepolizumab 100 mg vs placebo Serious adverse events · individuals with COPD Anti‐IL‐5 therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020) · Cochrane	Odds ratio 0.82 [0.65, 1.05]	2 studies · 1285 participants	Moderate
Mepolizumab 100 mg vs placebo Health‐related quality of life: change in SGRQ total score Scale: 0 to 100 (lower is better) Eosinophilic phenotype · individuals with COPD Anti‐IL‐5 therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 911 participants	Moderate
Mepolizumab 100 mg vs placebo Health‐related quality of life: change in SGRQ total score Scale: 0 to 100 (lower is better) All participants · individuals with COPD Anti‐IL‐5 therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 1285 participants	Moderate
Myofunctional therapy vs sham therapy Daytime sleepiness (ESS): endpoint score. · obstructive sleep apnoea Myofunctional therapy (oropharyngeal exercises) for obstructive sleep apnoea (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 82 participants	Moderate
Myofunctional therapy vs CPAP AHI: endpoint score. · obstructive sleep apnoea Myofunctional therapy (oropharyngeal exercises) for obstructive sleep apnoea (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 54 participants	Low
Myofunctional therapy vs CPAP Snoring frequency: endpoint score. · obstructive sleep apnoea Myofunctional therapy (oropharyngeal exercises) for obstructive sleep apnoea (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 54 participants	Low
Myofunctional therapy vs CPAP Snoring intensity: endpoint score. · obstructive sleep apnoea Myofunctional therapy (oropharyngeal exercises) for obstructive sleep apnoea (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 54 participants	Low
Myofunctional therapy vs CPAP + Myofunctional therapy Daytime sleepiness (ESS): endpoint score. · obstructive sleep apnoea Myofunctional therapy (oropharyngeal exercises) for obstructive sleep apnoea (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 49 participants	Low
Myofunctional therapy vs CPAP + Myofunctional therapy AHI: endpoint score. · obstructive sleep apnoea Myofunctional therapy (oropharyngeal exercises) for obstructive sleep apnoea (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 49 participants	Low
Myofunctional therapy vs CPAP + Myofunctional therapy Snoring frequency: endpoint score. · obstructive sleep apnoea Myofunctional therapy (oropharyngeal exercises) for obstructive sleep apnoea (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 49 participants	Low
Myofunctional therapy vs CPAP + Myofunctional therapy Snoring intensity: endpoint score. · obstructive sleep apnoea Myofunctional therapy (oropharyngeal exercises) for obstructive sleep apnoea (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 49 participants	Low
Myofunctional therapy vs respiratory exercises + nasal dilator strip Daytime sleepiness (ESS): endpoint score. · Obstructive sleep apnoea Myofunctional therapy (oropharyngeal exercises) for obstructive sleep apnoea (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 58 participants	Low
Myofunctional therapy vs respiratory exercises + nasal dilator strip Sleep quality (PSQI): endpoint score. · Obstructive sleep apnoea Myofunctional therapy (oropharyngeal exercises) for obstructive sleep apnoea (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 97 participants	Moderate
Myofunctional therapy vs respiratory exercises + nasal dilator strip AHI: endpoint score. · Obstructive sleep apnoea Myofunctional therapy (oropharyngeal exercises) for obstructive sleep apnoea (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 58 participants	Low
Myofunctional therapy vs sham therapy Sleep quality (PSQI): endpoint score. · obstructive sleep apnoea Myofunctional therapy (oropharyngeal exercises) for obstructive sleep apnoea (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 31 participants	Low
Myofunctional therapy plus nasal washing vs Nasal washing alone AHI score reduction to below 5 points. · Obstructive sleep apnoea Myofunctional therapy (oropharyngeal exercises) for obstructive sleep apnoea (2020) · Cochrane	OR 12.5 [0.84, 186.3]	1 study · 13 participants	Low
Myofunctional therapy plus nasal washing vs Nasal washing alone AHI score change. · Obstructive sleep apnoea Myofunctional therapy (oropharyngeal exercises) for obstructive sleep apnoea (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 13 participants	Low
Myofunctional therapy vs Standard medical treatment Daytime sleepiness (ESS): change from baseline. · obstructive sleep apnoea Myofunctional therapy (oropharyngeal exercises) for obstructive sleep apnoea (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 26 participants	Low
Myofunctional therapy vs Standard medical treatment Sleep quality (PSQI): change from baseline. · obstructive sleep apnoea Myofunctional therapy (oropharyngeal exercises) for obstructive sleep apnoea (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 26 participants	Low
Myofunctional therapy vs Standard medical treatment Snoring frequency: change from baseline. · obstructive sleep apnoea Myofunctional therapy (oropharyngeal exercises) for obstructive sleep apnoea (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 26 participants	Low
Myofunctional therapy vs Standard medical treatment Snoring intensity: change from baseline. · obstructive sleep apnoea Myofunctional therapy (oropharyngeal exercises) for obstructive sleep apnoea (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 26 participants	Low
Myofunctional therapy vs sham therapy Apnoea Hypopnoea Index: endpoint score. · obstructive sleep apnoea Myofunctional therapy (oropharyngeal exercises) for obstructive sleep apnoea (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 82 participants	Low
Myofunctional therapy vs sham therapy Snoring frequency: change from baseline. · obstructive sleep apnoea Myofunctional therapy (oropharyngeal exercises) for obstructive sleep apnoea (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 16 participants	Very low
Myofunctional therapy vs sham therapy Snoring intensity: endpoint score. · obstructive sleep apnoea Myofunctional therapy (oropharyngeal exercises) for obstructive sleep apnoea (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 51 participants	Moderate
Myofunctional therapy vs waiting list Daytime sleepiness (ESS): change from baseline. · obstructive sleep apnoea Myofunctional therapy (oropharyngeal exercises) for obstructive sleep apnoea (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 25 participants	Low
Myofunctional therapy vs waiting list Sleep quality (PSQI): change from baseline. · obstructive sleep apnoea Myofunctional therapy (oropharyngeal exercises) for obstructive sleep apnoea (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 25 participants	Low
Myofunctional therapy vs waiting list AHI: change from baseline. · obstructive sleep apnoea Myofunctional therapy (oropharyngeal exercises) for obstructive sleep apnoea (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 25 participants	Low
Myofunctional therapy vs CPAP Daytime sleepiness (ESS): endpoint score. · obstructive sleep apnoea Myofunctional therapy (oropharyngeal exercises) for obstructive sleep apnoea (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 54 participants	Low