Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

328 questions · 341 findings · 37 reviews · Gut

No studies found 55 · 16.1%GRADE not reported 4 · 1.2%Very low 137 · 40.2%Low 71 · 20.8%Moderate 56 · 16.4%High 18 · 5.3%

Intervention not reported

Number of participants with improved complete spontaneous bowel movement (CSBM) of greater than three times per week at two‐month · children with chronic constipation

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes number of participants with improved complete spontaneous bowel… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Number of participants with improved colonic transit · children with chronic constipation

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes number of participants with improved colonic transit (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Number of participants with improved symptoms related to soiling · children with chronic constipation

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes number of participants with improved symptoms related to soiling (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Number of participants with improved quality of life · children with chronic constipation

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes number of participants with improved quality of life (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) vs control

Number of participants with worsening scores in corporal atrophy · people with pre‐malignant lesions

Proton pump inhibitor showed no clear difference in number of participants with worsening scores in corporal atrophy compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) vs control

Number of participants with worsening scores in corporal intestinal metaplasia · people with pre‐malignant lesions

Proton pump inhibitor showed no clear difference in number of participants with worsening scores in corporal intestinal… compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) vs control

Increase in the number of participants with simple (diffuse) hyperplasia after treatment · people with pre‐malignant lesions

It is very uncertain whether proton pump inhibitor changes increase in the number of participants with simple (diffuse)… compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) vs control

Increase in the number of participants with linear/micronodular (focal) hyperplasia, comparing final biopsies with baseline biopsies · people with pre‐malignant lesions

Proton pump inhibitor may leads to higher increase in the number of participants with linear/micronodular… compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review