Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

335 questions · 340 findings · 46 reviews · Pain, Palliative and Supportive Care

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No studies found 66 · 19.4%GRADE not reported 16 · 4.7%Very low 102 · 30%Low 68 · 20%Moderate 59 · 17.4%High 29 · 8.5%

Acupuncture vs sham

Headache (frequency) · people with episodic migraine

2 findings from 1 review

Acupuncture for the prevention of episodic migraine 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
12 studies · 1646 participants
Moderate
Acupuncture for the prevention of episodic migraine 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
10 studies · 1534 participants
Moderate

Acupuncture vs sham

Response (after treatment) · people with episodic migraine

Acupuncture probably leads to higher response (after treatment) compared with sham interventions (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for the prevention of episodic migraine 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.23 [1.11, 1.36]
14 studies · 1825 participants
Moderate

Acupuncture vs sham

Response ( · people with episodic migraine

Acupuncture probably leads to higher response ( compared with sham interventions (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for the prevention of episodic migraine 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.25 [1.13, 1.39]
11 studies · 1683 participants
Moderate

Acupuncture vs sham

Adverse effects (drop‐outs due to adverse effects4) · people with episodic migraine

Acupuncture showed no clear difference in number of participants dropping out due to adverse effects compared with sham interventions (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture for the prevention of episodic migraine 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.84 [0.43, 18.71]
7 studies · 931 participants
Low

bed rest vs ambulation

Post‐dural puncture headache participant's report · participants undergoing lumbar puncture

Bed rest probably leads to higher post‐dural puncture headacheReported by participant compared with ambulation (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Posture and fluids for preventing post‐dural puncture headache 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.24 [1.04, 1.48]
12 studies · 1519 participants
Moderate

bed rest vs ambulation

Severe post‐dural puncture headache participant's report · participants undergoing lumbar puncture

Bed rest showed no clear difference in severe post‐dural puncture headacheReported by participant compared with ambulation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Posture and fluids for preventing post‐dural puncture headache 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.98 [0.68, 1.41]
9 studies · 1568 participants
Low

bed rest vs ambulation

Any headacheReported by participant · participants undergoing lumbar puncture

Bed rest probably leads to higher any headacheReported by participant compared with ambulation (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Posture and fluids for preventing post‐dural puncture headache 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.16 [1.02, 1.32]
18 studies · 2477 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Chance of obtaining substantial headache relief (Relief). · Acute migraine

The intervention may leads to higher chance of obtaining substantial headache relief (Relief). (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Normobaric and hyperbaric oxygen therapy for the treatment and prevention of migraine and cluster headache 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 6.21 [2.41, 16]
3 studies · 58 participants
Low

SSRIs or SNRIs vs placebo

Headache (frequency) · patients with tension‐type headache

1 finding from 1 review

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) for the… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 127 participants
Low

SSRIs or SNRIs vs placebo

Headache intensity (mean score) · patients with tension‐type headache

1 finding from 1 review

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) for the… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 40 participants
Low

SSRIs or SNRIs vs placebo

Headache duration (hours) · patients with tension‐type headache

1 finding from 1 review

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) for the… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 40 participants
Low

SSRIs or SNRIs vs placebo

Symptomatic/analgesic medication use for acute headache attacks · patients with tension‐type headache

1 finding from 1 review

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) for the… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 118 participants
Low

SSRIs or SNRIs vs placebo

Headache index · patients with tension‐type headache

1 finding from 1 review

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) for the… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 128 participants
Very low

SSRIs or SNRIs vs placebo

Quality of life · patients with tension‐type headache

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) for the… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

SSRIs or SNRIs vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · patients with tension‐type headache

It is very uncertain whether SSRIs or SNRIs changes withdrawals due to adverse events compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) for the… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 3.72 [0.79, 17.53]
3 studies · 190 participants
Very low