Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

324 questions · 328 findings · 34 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 82 · 25%GRADE not reported 8 · 2.4%Very low 75 · 22.9%Low 105 · 32%Moderate 45 · 13.7%High 13 · 4%

Topical diclofenac gel or solution Local adverse events · adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain (osteoarthritis)

1 finding from 1 review

Topical NSAIDs for chronic musculoskeletal pain in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
15 studies · 3658 participants
Moderate

Topical ketoprofen gel Local adverse events · adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain (osteoarthritis)

1 finding from 1 review

Topical NSAIDs for chronic musculoskeletal pain in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 2621 participants
Moderate

Systemic adverse events · adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain (osteoarthritis)

1 finding from 1 review

Topical NSAIDs for chronic musculoskeletal pain in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Serious adverse events · adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain (osteoarthritis)

1 finding from 1 review

Topical NSAIDs for chronic musculoskeletal pain in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
30 participants
Very low