Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

699 questions · 719 findings · 69 reviews

No studies found 129 · 17.9%GRADE not reported 15 · 2.1%Very low 317 · 44.1%Low 170 · 23.6%Moderate 78 · 10.8%High 10 · 1.4%

Nitrous oxide vs carbon dioxide

Procedure‐related general complications · people undergoing laparoscopic general abdominal or gynaecological pelvic surgery under general anaesthesia

It is very uncertain whether nitrous oxide changes procedure‐related general complications (surgical morbidity) compared with carbon dioxide (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Room air vs carbon dioxide

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · people undergoing laparoscopic general abdominal or gynaecological pelvic surgery under general anaesthesia

It is very uncertain whether room air changes pain scores (first postoperative day) Visual analogue scale, lower… compared with carbon dioxide (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Nitrous oxide vs carbon dioxide

Participant‐reported pain intensity VAS (0‐10, lower score = less pain) · people undergoing laparoscopic general abdominal or gynaecological pelvic surgery under general anaesthesia

It is very uncertain whether nitrous oxide changes pain scores (first postoperative day) VAS, lower score indicates… compared with carbon dioxide (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Intraperitoneal local anaesthetic vs control

Serious adverse events · people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Intraperitoneal local anaesthetic changes serious adverse events compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review