Adverse events—'serious'—160/94 Duration of nine months 3 · COPD
Budesonide/formoterol (BDF) showed no clear difference in adverse events—'serious'—160/94 Duration of nine months 3 compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 1.2 [0.89, 1.63]
1556 participants
Low
Exacerbations (number of people experiencing ≥ 1 exacerbations) · COPD
Combined inhalers probably leads to lower participants with at least one exacerbation Duration of six months3 compared with placebo (primary outcomes) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 0.78 [0.66, 0.93]
3141 participants
Moderate
Mortality Duration of 18 months3 · COPD
Combined inhalers probably leads to lower mortality Duration of 18 months3 compared with placebo (primary outcomes) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pneumonia · COPD
Combined inhalers probably leads to higher pneumonia Duration of 18 months3 compared with placebo (primary outcomes) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Hospitalisations due to COPD exacerbations · COPD
Combined inhalers showed no clear difference in hospitalisations due to COPD exacerbations Duration of 18 months3 compared with placebo (primary outcomes) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events—any Duration of two years1 · COPD
Fluticasone/salmeterol (FPS) showed no clear difference in adverse events—any Duration of two years1 compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 1.09 [0.95, 1.25]
5574 participants
Low
Adverse events—'serious' Duration of two years1 · COPD
Fluticasone/salmeterol (FPS) showed no clear difference in adverse events—'serious' Duration of two years1 compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 1.08 [0.95, 1.23]
5531 participants
Low
Adverse event—any—320/94 Duration of nine months 3 · COPD
Budesonide/formoterol (BDF) may leads to higher adverse event—any—320/94 Duration of nine months 3 compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 1.42 [1.16, 1.74]
1552 participants
Low
Adverse event—any—160/94 Duration of nine months 3 · COPD
Budesonide/formoterol (BDF) may leads to higher adverse event—any—160/94 Duration of nine months 3 compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 1.32 [1.08, 1.61]
1556 participants
Low
Intervention not reported
Exacerbation rates per participant per year · patients with COPD
The intervention probably leads to lower exacerbation rates per participant per year (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Mortality · patients with COPD
The intervention leads to lower mortality (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Pneumonia · patients with COPD
The intervention showed no clear difference in pneumonia (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Hospitalisations due to COPD exacerbations · patients with COPD
The intervention showed no clear difference in hospitalisations due to COPD exacerbations (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Adverse events－serious Fluticasone/salmeterol (FPS) versus fluticasone (FP) · patients with COPD
The intervention showed no clear difference in adverse events－serious Fluticasone/salmeterol (FPS) versus… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Adverse events－serious events Budesonide/formoterol (BDF) versus budesonide (BD) · patients with COPD
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes adverse events－serious events Budesonide/formoterol (BDF) versus… (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Adverse events－serious Mometasone/formoterol (MF/F) versus Mometasone (MF) · patients with COPD
The intervention showed no clear difference in adverse events－serious Mometasone/formoterol (MF/F) versus… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Change in 6‐minute walking distance · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
99 participants
Moderate
Exercise capacity · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
30 participants
High
Exercise capacity (change from baseline) · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
30 participants
High
Quality of life St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) score · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
19 participants
Low