Outcomes (90 days · Children with no health insurance
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Enrolment · Children with no health insurance
Handing out applications in emergency departments of hospitals may leads to higher enrolment compared with no intervention (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
QoL · people with COPD who have smoked for ≥ 10 pack‐years
Tiotropium showed no clear difference in quality of life (SGRQ) Scale 0 to 100, where 100 represents worst… compared with placebo (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Quality of life: number of participants with clinically significant improvement (≥ 4 units) in SGRQ total score · people with COPD who have smoked for ≥ 10 pack‐years
Tiotropium leads to higher number of patients with a clinically significant improvement (≥ 4… compared with placebo (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Number of patients with a clinically significant worsening (≥ 4 units) in quality of life (SGRQ) · people with COPD who have smoked for ≥ 10 pack‐years
Tiotropium leads to lower number of patients with a clinically significant worsening (≥ 4… compared with placebo (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Exacerbations (number of people experiencing ≥ 1 exacerbations) · people with COPD who have smoked for ≥ 10 pack‐years
Tiotropium leads to lower number of patients with one or more exacerbations compared with placebo (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Hospital admissions due to exacerbations: number of participants · people with COPD who have smoked for ≥ 10 pack‐years
Tiotropium showed no clear difference in number of patients with one or more exacerbations requiring… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Hospital admissions · people with COPD who have smoked for ≥ 10 pack‐years
Tiotropium showed no clear difference in number of patients with one or more hospitalisations for any cause compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause mortality · people with COPD who have smoked for ≥ 10 pack‐years
Tiotropium showed no clear difference in mortality compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Survival to hospital discharge · patients with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest
CPR plus delayed defibrillation showed no clear difference in survival to hospital discharge rate compared with immediate defibrillation: overall analysis (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Neurological outcome at hospital discharge rate of good recovery · patients with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest
CPR plus delayed defibrillation showed no clear difference in neurological outcome at hospital discharge rate of good recovery compared with immediate defibrillation: overall analysis (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
ROSC rate · patients with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest
CPR plus delayed defibrillation showed no clear difference in ROSC rate compared with immediate defibrillation: overall analysis (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Survival at 1 year rate · patients with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest
CPR plus delayed defibrillation showed no clear difference in survival at 1 year rate compared with immediate defibrillation: overall analysis (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
ICU length of stay (general intensive care patients) · Adult patients in intensive care
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Hospital length of stay (general intensive care patients) · Adult patients in intensive care
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Hospital length of stay (high‐risk surgical patients) · Adult patients in intensive care
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Cost of care (hospital charges, 1000s of US dollars) · Adult patients in intensive care
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Combined mortality of all studies · Adult patients in intensive care
The intervention leads to higher combined mortality of all studies (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Annual Exacerbation Rates · COPD
Combined inhalers probably leads to lower annual exacerbation rates compared with placebo (primary outcomes) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events—'serious'—320/94 Duration of 10 months3 · COPD
Budesonide/formoterol (BDF) showed no clear difference in adverse events—'serious'—320/94 Duration of 10 months3 compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 1.17 [0.95, 1.45]
2476 participants
Low