What do systematic reviews say?

Pharmacological treatment vs a different pharmacological treatment

Pharmacological treatment probably leads to higher point prevalence abstinence at longest compared with a different pharmacological treatment (moderate certainty).

• Smoking cessation for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.5 [1.47, 4.26]
  1 study · 543 participants
  Moderate

Combination of interventions vs different (combination) interventions or usual care

• Smoking cessation for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 6431 participants
  GRADE not reported

Combination of interventions vs different (combination) interventions or usual care

• Smoking cessation for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 1535 participants
  GRADE not reported

Summary of findings: Behavioural treatments vs usual care or no treatment

• Smoking cessation for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 3618 participants
  GRADE not reported

One form of behavioural treatment vs a different form of behavioural treatment

• Smoking cessation for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 739 participants
  GRADE not reported

One form of behavioural treatment vs a different form of behavioural treatment

• Smoking cessation for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 500 participants
  GRADE not reported

Pharmacological treatment vs placebo

Pharmacological treatment leads to higher prolonged abstinence at longest compared with placebo (high certainty).

• Smoking cessation for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.53 [1.83, 3.5]
  4 studies · 1429 participants
  High
• Smoking cessation for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.6 [1.29, 5.24]
  1 study · 370 participants
  High
• Smoking cessation for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.03 [1.26, 3.28]
  2 studies · 503 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Community coalition‐driven interventions to reduce health disparities among racial and ethnic minority populations 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 29474 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Community coalition‐driven interventions to reduce health disparities among racial and ethnic minority populations 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 14431 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Community coalition‐driven interventions to reduce health disparities among racial and ethnic minority populations 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 21607 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Community coalition‐driven interventions to reduce health disparities among racial and ethnic minority populations 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 4957 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Community coalition‐driven interventions to reduce health disparities among racial and ethnic minority populations 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 1833 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Community coalition‐driven interventions to reduce health disparities among racial and ethnic minority populations 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  9 studies · 4447 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Community coalition‐driven interventions to reduce health disparities among racial and ethnic minority populations 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 251 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Community coalition‐driven interventions to reduce health disparities among racial and ethnic minority populations 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 1209 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Community coalition‐driven interventions to reduce health disparities among racial and ethnic minority populations 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 783 participants
  Low

Indacaterol vs placebo

• Indacaterol, a once‐daily beta₂‐agonist, versus twice‐daily beta₂‐agonists or placebo for chronic obstructive… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  10 studies · 5001 participants
  High

Indacaterol vs placebo

Indacaterol leads to higher number of participants with a clinically significant improvement in… compared with placebo (high certainty).

• Indacaterol, a once‐daily beta₂‐agonist, versus twice‐daily beta₂‐agonists or placebo for chronic obstructive… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.64
  9 studies · 4906 participants
  High

Indacaterol vs placebo

Indacaterol leads to higher number of participants with clinically significant improvement in… compared with placebo (high certainty).

• Indacaterol, a once‐daily beta₂‐agonist, versus twice‐daily beta₂‐agonists or placebo for chronic obstructive… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.96 [1.73, 2.22]
  8 studies · 4577 participants
  High

Indacaterol vs placebo

Indacaterol leads to lower number of participants experiencing 1 or more exacerbations compared with placebo (high certainty).

• Indacaterol, a once‐daily beta₂‐agonist, versus twice‐daily beta₂‐agonists or placebo for chronic obstructive… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.81 [0.7, 0.94]
  7 studies · 4807 participants
  High