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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,000 questions in 69 reviews · Urology
current versionsNo studies 196 · 19.6%Ungraded 33 · 3.3%Very low 198 · 19.8%Low 354 · 35.4%Moderate 206 · 20.6%High 13 · 1.3%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Lifestyle modifications vs control Adverse events ‐ not reported · participants with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lifestyle modifications vs control Sexual dysfunction ‐ not reported · participants with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lifestyle modifications vs control Quality of life ‐ not reported · participants with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lifestyle modifications vs control Depression and anxiety ‐ not reported · participants with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prostatic massage vs no intervention Prostatitis symptoms · participants with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 44 participants | Very low |
Prostatic massage vs no intervention Adverse events ‐ not reported · participants with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupuncture vs sham procedure Adverse events · participants with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.33 [0.51, 3.46] | 3 studies · 204 participants | Low |
Prostatic massage vs no intervention Sexual dysfunction ‐ not reported · participants with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prostatic massage vs no intervention Quality of life ‐ not reported · participants with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prostatic massage vs no intervention Depression and anxiety ‐ not reported · participants with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Extracorporeal shockwave therapy vs control procedure Prostatitis symptoms · participants with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 157 participants | High |
Extracorporeal shockwave therapy vs control procedure Prostatitis symptoms: response defined as a 6‐point decrease in NIH‐CPSI score · participants with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | RR 6.2 [0.48, 79.79] | 2 studies · 135 participants | Very low |
Extracorporeal shockwave therapy vs control procedure Prostatitis symptoms · participants with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 97 participants | Low |
Extracorporeal shockwave therapy vs control procedure Adverse events · participants with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.22 [0.59, 2.51] | 3 studies · 195 participants | Low |
Extracorporeal shockwave therapy vs control procedure Sexual dysfunction · participants with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Moderate |
Extracorporeal shockwave therapy vs control procedure Quality of life ‐ not reported · participants with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Extracorporeal shockwave therapy vs control procedure Depression and anxiety ‐ not reported · participants with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupuncture vs sham procedure Sexual dysfunction · participants with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 89 participants | Low |
Transrectal thermotherapy vs medical treatment Prostatitis symptoms · participants with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 140 participants | Low |
Transrectal thermotherapy vs medical treatment Adverse events ‐ not reported · participants with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Transrectal thermotherapy vs medical treatment Sexual dysfunction ‐ not reported · participants with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Transrectal thermotherapy vs medical treatment Quality of life ‐ not reported · participants with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Transrectal thermotherapy vs medical treatment Depression and anxiety ‐ not reported · participants with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Transrectal thermotherapy (add‐on) vs medical treatment alone Prostatitis symptoms · participants with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 145 participants | Low |
Transrectal thermotherapy (add‐on) vs medical treatment alone Adverse events ‐ not reported · participants with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Transrectal thermotherapy (add‐on) vs medical treatment alone Sexual dysfunction ‐ not reported · participants with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Transrectal thermotherapy (add‐on) vs medical treatment alone Quality of life ‐ not reported · participants with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Transrectal thermotherapy (add‐on) vs medical treatment alone Depression and anxiety ‐ not reported · participants with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupuncture vs sham procedure Quality of life ‐ not reported · participants with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupuncture vs sham procedure Depression and anxiety ‐ not reported · participants with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupuncture vs medical treatment Prostatitis symptoms (NIH‐CPSI total) · treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 78 participants | Moderate |
Acupuncture vs medical treatment Prostatitis symptoms: response defined as a 6‐point decrease in NIH‐CPSI score · treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | RR 3.57 [1.45, 8.8] | 1 study · 24 participants | Low |
Acupuncture vs medical treatment Adverse events · treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 78 participants | Low |
Early taxane‐based chemotherapy and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) vs ADT only Time to death due to any cause (absolute effect size estimates based on all‐cause mortality at 5 years) Taxane‐based chemohormonal therapy for metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer (2018) · Cochrane | HR 0.77 [0.68, 0.87] | 3 studies · 2261 participants | Moderate |
Early taxane‐based chemotherapy and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) vs ADT only Grade III to V adverse events Taxane‐based chemohormonal therapy for metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer (2018) · Cochrane | RR 2.98 [2.19, 4.04] | 1 study · 375 participants | Low |
Early taxane‐based chemotherapy and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) vs ADT only Prostate cancer‐specific death5 Taxane‐based chemohormonal therapy for metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.79 [0.7, 0.89] | 3 studies · 2261 participants | Moderate |
Early taxane‐based chemotherapy and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) vs ADT only Time to progression (absolute effect size estimates based on progression rate at 5 years) Taxane‐based chemohormonal therapy for metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer (2018) · Cochrane | HR 0.63 [0.56, 0.71] | 3 studies · 2261 participants | Moderate |
Early taxane‐based chemotherapy and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) vs ADT only Discontinuation due to adverse events Taxane‐based chemohormonal therapy for metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer (2018) · Cochrane | RR 79.41 [4.92, 1282.78] | 1 study · 385 participants | Low |
Early taxane‐based chemotherapy and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) vs ADT only All adverse events Taxane‐based chemohormonal therapy for metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.11 [1.06, 1.17] | 1 study · 375 participants | Low |
Early taxane‐based chemotherapy and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) vs ADT only Quality of life at 12 months ( Taxane‐based chemohormonal therapy for metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 790 participants | Low |
Pembrolizumab vs chemotherapy Time to death from any cause (here: overall mortality at 12‐month Pembrolizumab monotherapy versus chemotherapy for treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma with disease… (2018) · Cochrane | HR 0.73 [0.59, 0.9] | 1 study · 542 participants | Moderate |
Pembrolizumab vs chemotherapy Quality of life (Change from baseline to week 15) Pembrolizumab monotherapy versus chemotherapy for treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma with disease… (2018) · Cochrane | MD 9.05 [4.61, 13.5] | 1 study · 519 participants | Low |
Pembrolizumab vs chemotherapy Response rate (partial and complete response) Pembrolizumab monotherapy versus chemotherapy for treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma with disease… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.85 [1.24, 2.77] | 1 study · 542 participants | Moderate |
Pembrolizumab vs chemotherapy Treatment‐related mortality Pembrolizumab monotherapy versus chemotherapy for treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma with disease… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.96 [0.24, 3.79] | 1 study · 521 participants | Low |
Pembrolizumab vs chemotherapy Discontinuation due to adverse event Pembrolizumab monotherapy versus chemotherapy for treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma with disease… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.66 [0.39, 1.1] | 1 study · 521 participants | Low |
Pembrolizumab vs chemotherapy Serious adverse events (irrespective of attribution to treatment) Pembrolizumab monotherapy versus chemotherapy for treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma with disease… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.83 [0.72, 0.97] | 1 study · 521 participants | Low |
Bisphosphonates vs placebo/no treatment Proportion of participants with pain response · men with advanced prostate cancer Bisphosphonates for advanced prostate cancer (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.15 [0.93, 1.43] | 3 studies · 876 participants | Low |
Bisphosphonates vs placebo/no treatment Skeletal‐related events: any, composite outcome · men with advanced prostate cancer Bisphosphonates for advanced prostate cancer (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.87 [0.81, 0.94] | 9 studies · 3153 participants | Moderate |
Bisphosphonates vs placebo/no treatment Mortality · men with advanced prostate cancer Bisphosphonates for advanced prostate cancer (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.91, 1.04] | 9 studies · 2450 participants | Moderate |
Bisphosphonates vs placebo/no treatment Quality of life · men with advanced prostate cancer Bisphosphonates for advanced prostate cancer (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |