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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,590 questions in 129 reviews · Gynaecological, Neuro-oncology and Orphan Cancer
current versionsNo studies 281 · 17.7%Ungraded 74 · 4.7%Very low 410 · 25.8%Low 420 · 26.4%Moderate 280 · 17.6%High 125 · 7.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Two doses of HPV vaccine vs three doses of HPV vaccine High‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, adenocarcinoma in situ, and cervical cancer · 9‐ to 15‐year‐old females Comparison of different human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine types and dose schedules for prevention of… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Nonavalent HPV vaccine vs quadrivalent HPV vaccine Mortality at up to 4.5‐year · 9‐ to 26‐year‐old females and males Comparison of different human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine types and dose schedules for prevention of… (2019) · Cochrane | OR 1.2 [0.37, 3.94] | 3 studies · 15248 participants | Low |
Two doses of HPV vaccine vs three doses of HPV vaccine High‐grade cervical, vulval, and vaginal disease · 9‐ to 15‐year‐old females Comparison of different human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine types and dose schedules for prevention of… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Two doses of HPV vaccine vs three doses of HPV vaccine Overall local/injection site adverse events · 9‐ to 15‐year‐old females Comparison of different human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine types and dose schedules for prevention of… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Two doses of HPV vaccine vs three doses of HPV vaccine Overall systemic events and general symptoms · 9‐ to 15‐year‐old females Comparison of different human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine types and dose schedules for prevention of… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Two doses of HPV vaccine vs three doses of HPV vaccine Serious adverse events at up to 5‐year · 9‐ to 15‐year‐old females Comparison of different human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine types and dose schedules for prevention of… (2019) · Cochrane | OR 1.03 [0.64, 1.66] | 4 studies · 2317 participants | Very low |
Two doses of HPV vaccine vs three doses of HPV vaccine Mortality at up to 5‐year · 9‐ to 15‐year‐old females Comparison of different human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine types and dose schedules for prevention of… (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.33 [0.01, 8.19] | 3 studies · 1797 participants | Low |
Two doses of HPV vaccine with longer interval vs two doses of HPV vaccine with shorter interval Clinical and harms outcomes* · 9‐ to 14‐year‐old females and males Comparison of different human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine types and dose schedules for prevention of… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
CST vs control Used open questions · Healthcare professionals working with people who have cancer Communication skills training for healthcare professionals working with people who have cancer (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 796 participants | Very low |
CST vs control Elicited concerns · Healthcare professionals working with people who have cancer Communication skills training for healthcare professionals working with people who have cancer (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 221 participants | Moderate |
CST vs control Gave appropriate information · Healthcare professionals working with people who have cancer Communication skills training for healthcare professionals working with people who have cancer (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 489 participants | Moderate |
CST vs control Showed empathy · Healthcare professionals working with people who have cancer Communication skills training for healthcare professionals working with people who have cancer (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 844 participants | Moderate |
CST vs control Gave facts only · Healthcare professionals working with people who have cancer Communication skills training for healthcare professionals working with people who have cancer (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 780 participants | Low |
CST vs control Emotional exhaustion: Maslach Burnout Inventory: · Healthcare professionals working with people who have cancer Communication skills training for healthcare professionals working with people who have cancer (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 202 participants | Low |
CST vs control Patient anxiety · Healthcare professionals working with people who have cancer Communication skills training for healthcare professionals working with people who have cancer (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 770 participants | Very low |
Altered WBRT fractionation schedules vs WBRT control Overall survival: lower‐dose WBRT vs control WBRT (3000 cGy/10 daily fractions)No. of participants: 705(3 RCTs) · patients with newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases Whole brain radiotherapy for the treatment of newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases (2018) · Cochrane | HR 1.21 [1.04, 1.4] | NR | Moderate |
WBRT with radiosensitisers (radiosen) vs WBRT alone Brain tumour response rates: complete response (CR) and partial response (PR) combinedNo. of participants: 847(6 RCTs) · patients with newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases Whole brain radiotherapy for the treatment of newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.84 [0.63, 1.11] | NR | High |
WBRT with radiosensitisers (radiosen) vs WBRT alone Adverse effectsNo. of participants: 2631(8 RCTs) · patients with newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases Whole brain radiotherapy for the treatment of newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | High |
WBRT with radiosensitisers (radiosen) vs WBRT alone Quality of lifeNo. of participants: 966(3 RCTs) · patients with newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases Whole brain radiotherapy for the treatment of newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Moderate |
WBRT with radiosensitisers (radiosen) vs WBRT alone Symptom controlNo. of participants: 1814(3 RCTs) · patients with newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases Whole brain radiotherapy for the treatment of newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Moderate |
WBRT and radiosurgery vs WBRT Overall survivalNo. of participants: 358(2 RCTs) · patients with newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases Whole brain radiotherapy for the treatment of newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases (2018) · Cochrane | HR 0.61 [0.27, 1.39] | NR | Moderate |
WBRT and radiosurgery vs WBRT 1‐Year overall brain control ratesNo. of participants: 400(3 RCTs) · patients with newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases Whole brain radiotherapy for the treatment of newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases (2018) · Cochrane | HR 0.39 [0.25, 0.6] | NR | High |
WBRT and radiosurgery vs WBRT Adverse effectsNo. of participants: 400(3 RCTs) · patients with newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases Whole brain radiotherapy for the treatment of newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | High |
WBRT and radiosurgery vs WBRT Intracranial progression‐free durationNo. of participants: 400(3 RCTs) · patients with newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases Whole brain radiotherapy for the treatment of newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | High |
Radiosurgery alone vs WBRT and radiosurgery Overall survivalNo. of participants: 403(3 RCTs) · patients with newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases Whole brain radiotherapy for the treatment of newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases (2018) · Cochrane | HR 1 [0.8, 1.25] | NR | Moderate |
Radiosurgery alone vs WBRT and radiosurgery 1‐Year radiosurgery‐targeted lesion controlNo. of participants: 602(4 RCTs) · patients with newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases Whole brain radiotherapy for the treatment of newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases (2018) · Cochrane | HR 2.73 [1.87, 3.99] | NR | High |
Altered WBRT fractionation schedules vs WBRT control Overall survival: higher‐dose WBRT vs control (3000 cGy/10 daily fractions)No. of participants: 846(4 RCTs) · patients with newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases Whole brain radiotherapy for the treatment of newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases (2018) · Cochrane | HR 0.97 [0.83, 1.12] | NR | Moderate |
Radiosurgery alone vs WBRT and radiosurgery 1‐Year distant brain controlNo. of participants: 602(4 RCTs) · patients with newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases Whole brain radiotherapy for the treatment of newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases (2018) · Cochrane | HR 2.34 [1.73, 3.18] | NR | High |
Radiosurgery alone vs WBRT and radiosurgery Adverse effectsNo. of participants: 602(4 RCTs) · patients with newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases Whole brain radiotherapy for the treatment of newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | High |
Radiosurgery alone vs WBRT and radiosurgery NeurocognitionNo. of participants: 403(3 RCTs) · patients with newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases Whole brain radiotherapy for the treatment of newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Moderate |
Radiosurgery alone vs WBRT and radiosurgery Neurological functionNo. of participants: 544(3 RCTs) · patients with newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases Whole brain radiotherapy for the treatment of newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Moderate |
Radiosurgery alone vs WBRT and radiosurgery Quality of lifeNo. of participants: 271(2 RCTs) · patients with newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases Whole brain radiotherapy for the treatment of newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Moderate |
Altered WBRT fractionation schedules vs WBRT control Overall survival: WBRT 4000 cGy/20 fractions BID vs control WBRT (2000 cGy/4‐5 daily fractions)No. of participants: 203(2 RCTs) · patients with newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases Whole brain radiotherapy for the treatment of newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases (2018) · Cochrane | HR 1.18 [0.89, 1.56] | NR | Moderate |
Altered WBRT fractionation schedules vs WBRT control Adverse effectsNo. of participants: 1754(9 RCTs) · patients with newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases Whole brain radiotherapy for the treatment of newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | High |
Altered WBRT fractionation schedules vs WBRT control Symptom controlNo. of participants: 2877(7 RCTs) · patients with newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases Whole brain radiotherapy for the treatment of newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Moderate |
Altered WBRT fractionation schedules vs WBRT control Overall brain controlNo. of participants: 203(2 RCTs) · patients with newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases Whole brain radiotherapy for the treatment of newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Moderate |
Altered WBRT fractionation schedules vs WBRT control: neurological function improvement Neurological function improvement: lower‐dose WBRT vs control dose WBRT (3000 cGy/10 fractions)No. of participants: 1612(5 RCTs) · patients with newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases Whole brain radiotherapy for the treatment of newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases (2018) · Cochrane | OR 1.74 [1.06, 2.84] | NR | Moderate |
Altered WBRT fractionation schedules vs WBRT control: neurological function improvement Neurological function improvement: higher‐dose WBRT vs control dose WBRT (3000 cGy/10 fractions)No. of participants: 1480(4 RCTs) · patients with newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases Whole brain radiotherapy for the treatment of newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases (2018) · Cochrane | OR 1.14 [0.92, 1.42] | NR | Moderate |
WBRT with radiosensitisers (radiosen) vs WBRT alone Overall survivalNo. of participants: 2631(8 RCTs) · patients with newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases Whole brain radiotherapy for the treatment of newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases (2018) · Cochrane | HR 1.05 [0.99, 1.12] | NR | Moderate |
Intervention NR Progression of CIN to a higher grade of CIN · women with CIN 2 or CIN 3 Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents to induce regression and prevent the progression of cervical… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.54 [0.06, 5.24] | 25 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Partial or complete regression of CIN 2 or CIN 3 · women with CIN 2 or CIN 3 Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents to induce regression and prevent the progression of cervical… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.45 [0.93, 2.27] | 132 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Complete regression of CIN 2 or CIN 3 · women with CIN 2 or CIN 3 Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents to induce regression and prevent the progression of cervical… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.31 [0.65, 2.67] | 116 participants | Moderate |
Hyperbaric oxygen vs air breathing to enhance the effectiveness of radiotherapy Mortality · People undergoing radiation therapy for head and neck cancer Hyperbaric oxygenation for tumour sensitisation to radiotherapy (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.83 [0.7, 0.98] | 9 studies · 710 participants | High |
Hyperbaric oxygen vs air breathing Metastasis · People undergoing radiotherapy for uterine cervical cancer Hyperbaric oxygenation for tumour sensitisation to radiotherapy (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.05 [0.84, 1.31] | 3 studies · 520 participants | High |
Hyperbaric oxygen vs air breathing Quality of life ‐ not reported · People undergoing radiotherapy for uterine cervical cancer Hyperbaric oxygenation for tumour sensitisation to radiotherapy (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Hyperbaric oxygen vs air breathing Adverse effects · People undergoing radiotherapy for uterine cervical cancer Hyperbaric oxygenation for tumour sensitisation to radiotherapy (2018) · Cochrane | RR 2.05 [1.22, 3.46] | 3 studies · 456 participants | High |
Hyperbaric oxygen vs air breathing Mortality with urinary bladder cancer · People with any one of a mixed group of cancers Hyperbaric oxygenation for tumour sensitisation to radiotherapy (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.74, 1.27] | 4 studies · 330 participants | High |
Hyperbaric oxygen vs air breathing Failure of local tumour control ‐ not reported · People with any one of a mixed group of cancers Hyperbaric oxygenation for tumour sensitisation to radiotherapy (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Hyperbaric oxygen vs air breathing Local recurrence ‐ not reported · People with any one of a mixed group of cancers Hyperbaric oxygenation for tumour sensitisation to radiotherapy (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Hyperbaric oxygen vs air breathing Metastases with urinary bladder cancer · People with any one of a mixed group of cancers Hyperbaric oxygenation for tumour sensitisation to radiotherapy (2018) · Cochrane | RR 2 [0.58, 6.91] | 2 studies · 80 participants | Moderate |