Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

766 questions · 806 findings · 76 reviews · ENT

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No studies found 293 · 36.4%GRADE not reported 6 · 0.7%Very low 244 · 30.3%Low 170 · 21.1%Moderate 85 · 10.5%High 8 · 1%

Any antimicrobial mouthwash and/or nasal spray (alone or in combination), at any concentration, delivered to the patient or HCW before and/or after an AGP vs No treatment or saline or water

Changes in microbiome in oral cavity, nasal cavity, oro- or nasopharynx · Patients without suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs), and the healthcare workers…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antimicrobial mouthwashes (gargling) and nasal sprays to protect healthcare workers when undertaking… 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
No data available (no included studies)
Studies not reported
No studies found

Any antimicrobial mouthwash and/or nasal spray (alone or in combination), at any concentration, delivered to the patient or HCW before and/or after an AGP vs No treatment or saline or water

Other adverse events (allergy, irritation/burning of nasal, oral or oropharyngeal mucosa, long-term staining of mucous membranes or teeth, accidental ingestion) · Patients without suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs), and the healthcare workers…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antimicrobial mouthwashes (gargling) and nasal sprays to protect healthcare workers when undertaking… 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
No data available (no included studies)
Studies not reported
No studies found

Any antimicrobial mouthwash and/or nasal spray (alone or in combination), at any concentration, delivered to healthcare workers, with or without the same intervention given to the patients with COVID-19 vs No treatment or saline or water

Anosmia (or disturbance in sense of smell) · Healthcare workers (HCWs) treating patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Use of antimicrobial mouthwashes (gargling) and nasal sprays by healthcare workers to protect them when treating… 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
Minimum 2 weeks
No data available (no included studies)
0 studies
No studies found

Any antimicrobial mouthwash and/or nasal spray (alone or in combination), at any concentration, delivered to healthcare workers, with or without the same intervention given to the patients with COVID-19 vs No treatment or saline or water

Viral content of aerosol · Healthcare workers (HCWs) treating patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Use of antimicrobial mouthwashes (gargling) and nasal sprays by healthcare workers to protect them when treating… 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
No data available (no included studies)
0 studies
No studies found

Antimicrobial mouthwash and/or nasal spray (alone or in combination), any concentration, frequency or dosage vs No treatment or saline or water

COVID-19 viral content of aerosol (when present) · Patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antimicrobial mouthwashes (gargling) and nasal sprays administered to patients with suspected or confirmed COVID‐19… 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
No data available (no included studies)
0 studies
No studies found

Any antimicrobial mouthwash and/or nasal spray (alone or in combination), at any concentration, delivered to the patient or HCW before and/or after an AGP vs No treatment or saline or water

Change in COVID-19 viral load at site(s) of irrigation · Patients without suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs), and the healthcare workers…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antimicrobial mouthwashes (gargling) and nasal sprays to protect healthcare workers when undertaking… 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
No data available (no included studies)
Studies not reported
No studies found

Any antimicrobial mouthwash and/or nasal spray (alone or in combination), at any concentration, delivered to the patient or HCW before and/or after an AGP vs No treatment or saline or water

Anosmia (or disturbance in sense of smell) · Patients without suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs), and the healthcare workers…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antimicrobial mouthwashes (gargling) and nasal sprays to protect healthcare workers when undertaking… 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
Assessed at a minimum of 2 weeks
No data available (no included studies)
Studies not reported
No studies found

Any antimicrobial mouthwash and/or nasal spray (alone or in combination), at any concentration, delivered to the patient or HCW before and/or after an AGP vs No treatment or saline or water

Incidence of symptomatic or test-positive COVID-19 infection in HCWs or patients · Patients without suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection undergoing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs), and the healthcare workers…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antimicrobial mouthwashes (gargling) and nasal sprays to protect healthcare workers when undertaking… 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
Assessed at a minimum of 2 weeks
No data available (no included studies)
Studies not reported
No studies found

Antimicrobial mouthwash and/or nasal spray (alone or in combination), any concentration, frequency or dosage vs No treatment or saline or water

Other adverse events (allergy, irritation/burning of nasal, oral or oropharyngeal mucosa, long-term staining of mucous membranes or teeth, accidental ingestion) · Patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antimicrobial mouthwashes (gargling) and nasal sprays administered to patients with suspected or confirmed COVID‐19… 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
No data available (no included studies)
0 studies
No studies found

Any antimicrobial mouthwash and/or nasal spray (alone or in combination), at any concentration, delivered to healthcare workers, with or without the same intervention given to the patients with COVID-19 vs No treatment or saline or water

Changes in microbiome in oral cavity, nasal cavity, oro- or nasopharynx · Healthcare workers (HCWs) treating patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Use of antimicrobial mouthwashes (gargling) and nasal sprays by healthcare workers to protect them when treating… 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
No data available (no included studies)
0 studies
No studies found

Antimicrobial mouthwash and/or nasal spray (alone or in combination), any concentration, frequency or dosage vs No treatment or saline or water

Incidence of symptomatic or test-positive COVID-19 infection in HCWs · Patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antimicrobial mouthwashes (gargling) and nasal sprays administered to patients with suspected or confirmed COVID‐19… 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
Minimum 2 weeks
No data available (no included studies)
0 studies
No studies found

Any antimicrobial mouthwash and/or nasal spray (alone or in combination), at any concentration, delivered to healthcare workers, with or without the same intervention given to the patients with COVID-19 vs No treatment or saline or water

Incidence of symptomatic or test-positive COVID-19 infection in HCWs · Healthcare workers (HCWs) treating patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Use of antimicrobial mouthwashes (gargling) and nasal sprays by healthcare workers to protect them when treating… 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
Minimum 2 weeks
No data available (no included studies)
0 studies
No studies found

Antimicrobial mouthwash and/or nasal spray (alone or in combination), any concentration, frequency or dosage vs No treatment or saline or water

Anosmia (or disturbance in sense of smell) · Patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antimicrobial mouthwashes (gargling) and nasal sprays administered to patients with suspected or confirmed COVID‐19… 2020 · Cochrane All outcomes
Minimum 2 weeks
No data available (no included studies)
0 studies
No studies found

Tonsillectomy vs tonsillotomy

Disease‐specific quality of life · children with obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing

1 finding from 1 review

Tonsillectomy versus tonsillotomy for obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 410 participants
Very low

Tonsillectomy vs tonsillotomy

Peri‐operative blood loss (Volume measured in mL) · children with obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing

1 finding from 1 review

Tonsillectomy versus tonsillotomy for obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 610 participants
Very low

Tonsillectomy vs tonsillotomy

Postoperative complications requiring medical intervention (with or without hospitalisation) · children with obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing

Tonsillectomy probably leads to higher postoperative complications requiring medical intervention (with or… compared with tonsillotomy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tonsillectomy versus tonsillotomy for obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.75 [1.06, 2.91]
16 studies · 1416 participants
Moderate

Tonsillectomy vs tonsillotomy

Reduction in pain intensity · children with obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing

1 finding from 1 review

Tonsillectomy versus tonsillotomy for obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 368 participants
Very low

Tonsillectomy vs tonsillotomy

Return to normal activity · children with obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing

1 finding from 1 review

Tonsillectomy versus tonsillotomy for obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 284 participants
Moderate

Tonsillectomy vs tonsillotomy

Recurrence of oSDB as a result of tonsil regrowth · children with obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing

It is very uncertain whether tonsillectomy changes recurrence of oSDB as a result of tonsil regrowth compared with tonsillotomy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tonsillectomy versus tonsillotomy for obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.26 [0.03, 2.22]
3 studies · 186 participants
Very low

Tonsillectomy vs tonsillotomy

Reoperation rate · children with obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing

It is very uncertain whether tonsillectomy changes reoperation rates compared with tonsillotomy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tonsillectomy versus tonsillotomy for obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.32 [0.08, 1.28]
2 studies · 166 participants
Very low