Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

394 questions · 412 findings · 112 reviews

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No studies found 51 · 12.4%GRADE not reported 41 · 10%Very low 86 · 20.9%Low 121 · 29.4%Moderate 84 · 20.4%High 29 · 7%

Heliox vs oxygen 30%

Length of hospital stay · children with croup

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Heliox for croup in children 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Heliox vs oxygen 30%

Proportion of children intubated · children with croup

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Heliox for croup in children 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Heliox vs oxygen 30%

Duration of intubation · children with croup

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Heliox for croup in children 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Heliox vs oxygen 30%

Proportion of children re‐presenting for medical care for ongoing croup symptoms (return to care) · children with croup

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Heliox for croup in children 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Heliox vs oxygen 30%

Adverse events · children with croup

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Heliox for croup in children 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Non‐selective NSAIDs vs selective cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 inhibitors

Function: mean change in pain with movement from baseline on4‐point (0 to 3, 0 best function) Likert scale · acute gout

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for acute gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Non‐selective NSAIDs vs selective cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 inhibitors

Global assessment of treatment success · acute gout

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for acute gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate

Non‐selective NSAIDs vs selective cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 inhibitors

Health‐related quality of life (mental) · acute gout

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for acute gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Non‐selective NSAIDs vs selective cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 inhibitors

Withdrawals due to adverse events · acute gout

Non‐selective NSAIDs probably leads to higher withdrawals due to adverse events compared with selective cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 inhibitors (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for acute gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.34 [1.33, 4.14]
Studies not reported
Moderate

Non‐selective NSAIDs vs selective cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 inhibitors

Total adverse events · acute gout

Non‐selective NSAIDs probably leads to higher total adverse events compared with selective cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 inhibitors (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for acute gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.94 [1.36, 2.78]
Studies not reported
Moderate

Non‐selective NSAIDs vs selective cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 inhibitors

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · acute gout

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for acute gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate

Non‐selective NSAIDs vs selective cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 inhibitors

Swelling (mean) · acute gout

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for acute gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Moderate

HFNC vs standard oxygen therapy

Treatment failure (escalation of respiratory therapy to NIV, NIPPV or invasive ventilation) Measured up to 28 days · adults in the ICU, requiring respiratory support

HFNC may leads to lower treatment failure (escalation of respiratory therapy to NIV, NIPPV… compared with standard oxygen therapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High‐flow nasal cannulae for respiratory support in adult intensive care patients 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.62 [0.45, 0.86]
15 studies · 3044 participants
Low

HFNC vs standard oxygen therapy

In‐hospital mortality (up to 90 days; included studies reported in‐hospital mortality, and mortality up to 28 days and up to ICU discharge) · adults in the ICU, requiring respiratory support

HFNC showed no clear difference in in‐hospital mortality (up to 90 days; included studies reported… compared with standard oxygen therapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High‐flow nasal cannulae for respiratory support in adult intensive care patients 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.96 [0.82, 1.11]
11 studies · 2673 participants
Moderate

HFNC vs standard oxygen therapy

Adverse events Respiratory infection (pneumonia) Nasal mucosa or skin trauma · adults in the ICU, requiring respiratory support

HFNC showed no clear difference in adverse events Respiratory infection (pneumonia) Nasal mucosa or… compared with standard oxygen therapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High‐flow nasal cannulae for respiratory support in adult intensive care patients 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.72 [0.48, 1.09]
4 studies · 1057 participants
Moderate

HFNC vs standard oxygen therapy

Duration of ICU stay · adults in the ICU, requiring respiratory support

1 finding from 1 review

High‐flow nasal cannulae for respiratory support in adult intensive care patients 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 1014 participants
Low

HFNC vs standard oxygen therapy

Respiratory effects: PaO2/FiO2 ratio up to 24 hours after initiation of therapy · adults in the ICU, requiring respiratory support

1 finding from 1 review

High‐flow nasal cannulae for respiratory support in adult intensive care patients 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 600 participants
Very low

HFNC vs standard oxygen therapy

Comfort · adults in the ICU, requiring respiratory support

2 findings from 1 review

High‐flow nasal cannulae for respiratory support in adult intensive care patients 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 662 participants
Very low
High‐flow nasal cannulae for respiratory support in adult intensive care patients 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 445 participants
Very low

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) vs supplemental oxygen

Treatment failure (death or use of additional ventilatory support) · preterm infants with respiratory distress for initial respiratory support

It is very uncertain whether CPAP changes treatment failure (death or use of additional ventilatory support) compared with supplemental oxygen (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for respiratory distress in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.64 [0.5, 0.82]
5 studies · 322 participants
Very low

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) vs supplemental oxygen

Use of assisted ventilation · preterm infants with respiratory distress for initial respiratory support

It is very uncertain whether CPAP changes use of assisted ventilation compared with supplemental oxygen (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for respiratory distress in preterm infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.72 [0.54, 0.96]
3 studies · 233 participants
Very low