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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

476 questions · 488 findings · 43 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 134 · 27.5%GRADE not reported 21 · 4.3%Very low 91 · 18.6%Low 135 · 27.7%Moderate 78 · 16%High 29 · 5.9%

Sulthiame vs phenytoin

Anorexia · participants with epilepsy (GTCS)

Sulthiame showed no clear difference in anorexia compared with phenytoin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Sulthiame vs phenytoin

Rash · participants with epilepsy (GTCS)

Sulthiame showed no clear difference in rash compared with phenytoin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Sulthiame vs phenytoin

Gingival hyperplasia · participants with epilepsy (GTCS)

Sulthiame may leads to lower gingival hyperplasia compared with phenytoin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Sulthiame vs phenytoin

Other · participants with epilepsy (GTCS)

Sulthiame showed no clear difference in other compared with phenytoin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Sulthiame vs levetiracetam

Treatment withdrawal · participants with epilepsy (BECTS)

Sulthiame showed no clear difference in treatment withdrawal compared with levetiracetam (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Sulthiame vs levetiracetam

Seizure freedom · participants with epilepsy (BECTS)

Sulthiame showed no clear difference in seizure freedom compared with levetiracetam (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Sulthiame vs levetiracetam

Adverse effects (general symptoms) · participants with epilepsy (BECTS)

Sulthiame showed no clear difference in adverse effects (general symptoms) compared with levetiracetam (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Sulthiame vs levetiracetam

Adverse effects (central nervous system) · participants with epilepsy (BECTS)

Sulthiame showed no clear difference in adverse effects (central nervous system) compared with levetiracetam (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Sulthiame vs levetiracetam

Adverse effects (behaviour) · participants with epilepsy (BECTS)

Sulthiame showed no clear difference in adverse effects (behaviour) compared with levetiracetam (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Sulthiame vs levetiracetam

Adverse effects (airways) · participants with epilepsy (BECTS)

Sulthiame may leads to higher adverse effects (airways) compared with levetiracetam (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Carbamazepine vs phenytoin

Time to treatment failure (any reason related to treatment) All participants Range of · adults and children with newly onset partial or generalised epilepsy

Carbamazepine showed no clear difference in time to treatment failure (any reason related to treatment)All… compared with phenytoin (time to treatment failure) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Carbamazepine vs phenytoin

Time to treatment failure (any reason related to treatment) Subgroup: focal onset seizures Range of · adults and children with newly onset partial or generalised epilepsy

Carbamazepine showed no clear difference in time to treatment failure (any reason related to treatment)… compared with phenytoin (time to treatment failure) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Carbamazepine vs phenytoin

Time to treatment failure (any reason related to treatment) Subgroup: generalised onset seizures (tonic‐clonic only) Range of · adults and children with newly onset partial or generalised epilepsy

Carbamazepine may leads to higher time to treatment failure (any reason related to treatment)… compared with phenytoin (time to treatment failure) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Carbamazepine vs phenytoin

Time to first seizure (post‐randomisation) All participants Range of · adults and children with newly onset partial or generalised epilepsy

Carbamazepine showed no clear difference in time to first seizure after randomisationAll participants Range of compared with phenytoin (secondary outcomes) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Carbamazepine vs phenytoin

Time to first seizure (post‐randomisation) Subgroup: focal onset seizures Range of · adults and children with newly onset partial or generalised epilepsy

Carbamazepine showed no clear difference in time to first seizure after randomisation Subgroup: focal onset… compared with phenytoin (secondary outcomes) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Carbamazepine vs phenytoin

Time to first seizure (post‐randomisation) ‐ stratified by epilepsy type: generalised onset seizures (tonic‐clonic only) Range of · adults and children with newly onset partial or generalised epilepsy

Carbamazepine showed no clear difference in time to first seizure after randomisationSubgroup: generalisedonset… compared with phenytoin (secondary outcomes) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Carbamazepine vs phenytoin

Time to achieve 12‐month remissionAll participants Range of · adults and children with newly onset partial or generalised epilepsy

Carbamazepine showed no clear difference in time to achieve 12‐month remissionAll participants Range of compared with phenytoin (secondary outcomes) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Carbamazepine vs phenytoin

Time to achieve 12‐month remission (seizure‐free period) Subgroup: focal onset seizures Range of · adults and children with newly onset partial or generalised epilepsy

Carbamazepine showed no clear difference in time to achieve 12‐month remissionSubgroup: focal onset seizures… compared with phenytoin (secondary outcomes) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Carbamazepine vs phenytoin

Time to 12‐month remission ‐ stratified by epilepsy type ‐ Generalized onset seizures (tonic‐clonic only) Range of · adults and children with newly onset partial or generalised epilepsy

Carbamazepine showed no clear difference in time to achieve 12‐month remissionSubgroup: generalisedonset tonic… compared with phenytoin (secondary outcomes) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review