What do systematic reviews say?

Vaccine treatment vs standard therapies

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Immunotherapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Vaccine treatment vs standard therapies

Vaccine treatment showed no clear difference in adverse events (grade ≥ 3) compared with standard therapies (low certainty).

• Immunotherapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.16 [0.97, 1.39]
  2 studies · 1065 participants
  Low

Interferon‐α alone vs standard targeted therapies

• Immunotherapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 730 participants
  Low
• Immunotherapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 730 participants
  Low
• Immunotherapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 730 participants
  Low

Interferon‐α alone vs standard targeted therapies

Interferon‐α alone may leads to higher adverse events (grade ≥ 3) compared with standard targeted therapies (sunitinib or temsirolimus) (low certainty).

• Immunotherapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.17 [1.03, 1.32]
  1 study · 408 participants
  Low

Levofloxacin vs ciprofloxacin

It is very uncertain whether levofloxacin changes microbiological efficacy ‐ pathogen eradication compared with ciprofloxacin (very low certainty).

• Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.18 [0.81, 1.71]
  2 studies · 669 participants
  Very low

Ciprofloxacin vs fluoroquinolones

It is very uncertain whether ciprofloxacin changes clinical efficacy ‐ cure or improvement at end of treatment compared with comparator fluoroquinolone (very low certainty).

• Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.9 [0.75, 1.08]
  3 studies · 851 participants
  Very low
• Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.93 [0.72, 1.2]
  3 studies · 851 participants
  Very low

Ciprofloxacin vs fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxacin showed no clear difference in adverse effects of treatment ‐ any adverse effects compared with comparator fluoroquinolone (moderate certainty).

• Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.16 [0.95, 1.42]
  3 studies · 967 participants
  Moderate

Levofloxacin vs fluoroquinolones

It is very uncertain whether levofloxacin changes microbiological efficacy ‐ pathogen eradication compared with comparator fluoroquinolone (very low certainty).

• Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.12 [0.84, 1.48]
  3 studies · 758 participants
  Very low

Levofloxacin vs fluoroquinolones

• Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported
• Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Levofloxacin vs fluoroquinolones

Levofloxacin showed no clear difference in adverse effects of treatment ‐ any adverse effects compared with comparator fluoroquinolone (moderate certainty).

• Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.88 [0.72, 1.08]
  3 studies · 874 participants
  Moderate

Levofloxacin vs ciprofloxacin

Levofloxacin showed no clear difference in clinical efficacy ‐ cure or improvement at end of treatment compared with ciprofloxacin (low certainty).

• Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.16 [0.93, 1.46]
  2 studies · 669 participants
  Low
• Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.16 [0.86, 1.55]
  2 studies · 669 participants
  Very low

Levofloxacin vs ciprofloxacin

Levofloxacin showed no clear difference in adverse effects of treatment ‐ any adverse effects compared with ciprofloxacin (moderate certainty).

• Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.86 [0.7, 1.06]
  2 studies · 785 participants
  Moderate

Lomefloxacin vs fluoroquinolones

Lomefloxacin showed no clear difference in microbiological efficacy ‐ pathogen eradication at compared with comparator fluoroquinolone (low certainty).

• Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.96 [0.8, 1.16]
  2 studies · 116 participants
  Low

Lomefloxacin vs fluoroquinolones

• Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported
• Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Lomefloxacin vs fluoroquinolones

Lomefloxacin showed no clear difference in adverse effects of treatment ‐ any adverse effects compared with comparator fluoroquinolone (moderate certainty).

• Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.64 [0.34, 1.21]
  2 studies · 215 participants
  Moderate

Ciprofloxacin vs fluoroquinolones

It is very uncertain whether ciprofloxacin changes microbiological efficacy ‐ pathogen eradication at end of treatment compared with comparator fluoroquinolone (very low certainty).

• Antimicrobial therapy for chronic bacterial prostatitis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.91 [0.7, 1.18]
  3 studies · 851 participants
  Very low