Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

374 questions · 393 findings · 47 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 73 · 18.6%GRADE not reported 16 · 4.1%Very low 164 · 41.7%Low 85 · 21.6%Moderate 36 · 9.2%High 19 · 4.8%

Closed‐system transfer device plus safe handling vs safe handling alone

Cyclophosphamide alone · healthcare staff who handle infusional hazardous drugs

It is very uncertain whether closed‐system transfer device plus safe handling changes cyclophosphamide alone compared with safe handling alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Closed‐system transfer device plus safe handling vs safe handling alone

Cytarabine · healthcare staff who handle infusional hazardous drugs

It is very uncertain whether closed‐system transfer device plus safe handling changes cytarabine compared with safe handling alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Closed‐system transfer device plus safe handling vs safe handling alone

Gemcitabine · healthcare staff who handle infusional hazardous drugs

It is very uncertain whether closed‐system transfer device plus safe handling changes gemcitabine compared with safe handling alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Closed‐system transfer device plus safe handling vs safe handling alone

Irinotecan, docetaxel, paclitaxel, vinorelbine, ganciclovir, epirubicin, multiple drugsϯ · healthcare staff who handle infusional hazardous drugs

It is very uncertain whether closed‐system transfer device plus safe handling changes irinotecan, docetaxel, paclitaxel, vinorelbine, ganciclovir,… compared with safe handling alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Closed‐system transfer device plus safe handling vs safe handling alone

Cyclophosphamide · healthcare staff who handle infusional hazardous drugs

It is very uncertain whether closed‐system transfer device plus safe handling changes cyclophosphamide‡ compared with safe handling alone (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Closed‐system transfer device plus safe handling vs safe handling alone

Epirubicin · healthcare staff who handle infusional hazardous drugs

It is very uncertain whether closed‐system transfer device plus safe handling changes epirubicin compared with safe handling alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review