What do systematic reviews say?

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs usual care

It is very uncertain whether diet plus physical activity changes all‐cause mortality compared with standard treatment (very low certainty).

• Diet, physical activity or both for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.12 [0.5, 2.5]
  10 studies · 4099 participants
  Very low

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs usual care

Diet plus physical activity probably leads to lower incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus Diagnostic criteria: 3 trials… compared with standard treatment (moderate certainty).

• Diet, physical activity or both for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.57 [0.5, 0.64]
  11 studies · 4511 participants
  Moderate

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs usual care

• Diet, physical activity or both for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 250 participants
  Low

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs usual care

It is very uncertain whether diet plus physical activity changes cardiovascular mortality compared with standard treatment (very low certainty).

• Diet, physical activity or both for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.94 [0.24, 3.65]
  7 studies · 3263 participants
  Very low

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs usual care

• Diet, physical activity or both for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 102 participants
  Low

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs usual care

• Diet, physical activity or both for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 2144 participants
  Very low

Adverse event outcomes for dietary combined with physical activity interventions vs usual care

• Diet, physical activity or both for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 2775 participants
  Low

Dietary advice vs standard‐of‐care therapy

It is very uncertain whether dietary advice interventions changes gestational diabetes compared with standard care (maternal outcomes) (very low certainty).

• Dietary advice interventions in pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.6 [0.35, 1.04]
  5 studies · 1279 participants
  Very low

Dietary advice vs standard‐of‐care therapy

• Dietary advice interventions in pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Dietary advice vs standard‐of‐care therapy

• Dietary advice interventions in pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Dietary advice vs standard‐of‐care therapy

Dietary advice interventions showed no clear difference in childhood/adulthood adiposity: skinfold thickness at 6 months (mm) compared with standard care (child outcomes) (low certainty).

• Dietary advice interventions in pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 132 participants
  Low

Dietary advice vs standard‐of‐care therapy

• Dietary advice interventions in pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Dietary advice vs standard‐of‐care therapy

• Dietary advice interventions in pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Dietary advice vs standard‐of‐care therapy

Dietary advice interventions may leads to lower hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (pregnancy‐induced hypertension) compared with standard care (maternal outcomes) (low certainty).

• Dietary advice interventions in pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.3 [0.1, 0.88]
  2 studies · 282 participants
  Low

Dietary advice vs standard‐of‐care therapy

Dietary advice interventions showed no clear difference in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (pre‐eclampsia) compared with standard care (maternal outcomes) (low certainty).

• Dietary advice interventions in pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.61 [0.25, 1.46]
  2 studies · 282 participants
  Low

Dietary advice vs standard‐of‐care therapy

Dietary advice interventions showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with standard care (maternal outcomes) (low certainty).

• Dietary advice interventions in pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.98 [0.78, 1.24]
  4 studies · 1194 participants
  Low

Dietary advice vs standard‐of‐care therapy

It is very uncertain whether dietary advice interventions changes perineal trauma (anal sphincter injury) compared with standard care (maternal outcomes) (very low certainty).

• Dietary advice interventions in pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.83 [0.23, 3.08]
  1 study · 759 participants
  Very low

Dietary advice vs standard‐of‐care therapy

Dietary advice interventions showed no clear difference in gestational weight gain (kg) compared with standard care (maternal outcomes) (low certainty).

• Dietary advice interventions in pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 1336 participants
  Low

Dietary advice vs standard‐of‐care therapy

• Dietary advice interventions in pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Dietary advice vs standard‐of‐care therapy

• Dietary advice interventions in pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 159 participants
  Very low