Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

315 questions · 322 findings · 87 reviews · Neonatal

No studies found 47 · 14.6%GRADE not reported 18 · 5.6%Very low 78 · 24.2%Low 105 · 32.6%Moderate 50 · 15.5%High 24 · 7.5%

Systemic corticosteroids vs placebo or control

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia/chronic lung disease · preterm infants with chronic lung disease

Systemic corticosteroids (dexamethasone or hydrocortisone) probably leads to lower BPD at 36 weeks' PMA compared with control (placebo or nothing) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic corticosteroids vs placebo or control

Death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks PMA · preterm infants with chronic lung disease

Systemic corticosteroids (dexamethasone or hydrocortisone) probably leads to lower mortality or BPD at 36 weeks' PMA compared with control (placebo or nothing) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic corticosteroids vs placebo or control

Cerebral palsy · preterm infants with chronic lung disease

Systemic corticosteroids (dexamethasone or hydrocortisone) showed no clear difference in cerebral palsy ‐ at latest reported age compared with control (placebo or nothing) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic corticosteroids vs placebo or control

Death or cerebral palsy · preterm infants with chronic lung disease

Systemic corticosteroids (dexamethasone or hydrocortisone) showed no clear difference in mortality or cerebral palsy ‐ at latest reported age compared with control (placebo or nothing) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids vs placebo or no treatment

Mortality Mortality at latest · preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants

Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids showed no clear difference in mortality at latest reported age compared with placebo or no treatment (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids vs placebo or no treatment

BPD (36 weeks' PMA) · preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants

Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids probably leads to lower BPD (36 weeks' PMA) compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids vs placebo or no treatment

Death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks PMA · preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants

Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids leads to lower mortality or BPD at 36 weeks' PMA compared with placebo or no treatment (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids vs placebo or no treatment

Gastrointestinal perforation during primary hospitalisation · preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants

Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids leads to higher gastrointestinal perforation during primary hospitalisation compared with placebo or no treatment (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids vs placebo or no treatment

Cerebral palsy · preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants

Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids leads to higher cerebral palsy at latest reported age compared with placebo or no treatment (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids vs placebo or no treatment

Death or cerebral palsy · preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants

Early systemic postnatal corticosteroids showed no clear difference in mortality or cerebral palsy at latest reported age compared with placebo or no treatment (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Failure to achieve peak levels of at least 5 microgram/ml (measured 0.5 to one hour after administration of any dose of gentamicin) · neonates with suspected or proven sepsis

The intervention probably leads to lower failure to achieve peak levels of at least 5 microgram/ml (measured… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review